Non-specific lower back pain is a common clinical disease whose pathogenesis and causes are still unclear, and the advantages and disadvantages of various therapeutic programs are controversial. Current research on this disease is mostly limited to clinical studies, and there is an urgent need to invest in a large number of animal experiments to analyze its underlying mechanisms. The construction of animal models is an important means to study the pathogenesis of non-specific lower back pain and to explore therapeutic method, but there are certain limitations and delays in the establishment of models for this disease. Therefore, this paper reviews the selection of animals, construction method, and evaluation method of relevant indexes of animal models of non-specific lower back pain, and the advantages and disadvantages of various models, to clarify existing problems in current basic research of this disease. We provide new research ideas and aim to lay a theoretical foundation for studies into the mechanisms of non-specific lower back pain and improved therapeutic strategies.