Objective To provide a comprehensive review of the modeling method of the empty bottle stimulation ( EBS ) anxiety model, including commonly used experimental animal strains and genders, animal grouping, modeling procedures, modeling duration, primary behavioral evaluation method, and the underlying pathological mechanisms. This aims to offer a reference for the application of the EBS anxiety model in anxiety disorder research. Methods Searches were conducted in databases such as CNKI and PubMed to collect all literature related to the EBS anxiety model, which were then systematically summarized and organized. Results (1) Male adult SD or Wistar rats are predominantly used as experimental animals; (2) The optimal modeling period is 2 weeks;(3) Behavioral evaluations primarily utilize the open field test, elevated plus maze test, and light-dark box test; (4)Pathological mechanisms involve abnormal neurotransmitter metabolism in brain regions such as the hippocampus,prefrontal cortex, and amygdala. Conclusions The EBS anxiety model exhibits an anxiety-like behavioral phenotype and associated neurobiological mechanisms, validating its utility as an animal model for the study of anxiety disorders.However, further exploration and refinement are required for its standardized construction protocol and the understanding of its mechanistic underpinnings.