Objective To investigate the establishment and evaluation of an idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) mouse model induced by the intratracheal infusion of bleomycin (BLM) of different concentrations. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group, Model-L group (1.5 mg/kg, BLM), Model-M group (2.5 mg/kg, BLM), and Model-H group (3.5 mg/kg, BLM). An IPF mouse model was constructed by onetime intratracheal infusion of BLM. The general status, body mass, survival rate, and lung coefficient of mice in different groups were compared. Pathological changes in lung tissue, the hydroxyproline content, fibrosis markers and inflammatory factor levels were observed. Results Compared with the control group, the survival rate decreased and body weight showed a downward trend in the low-, medium-, and high-dose model groups, with significant increases in lung coefficients. Inflammatory infiltration (P<0.01) and collagen deposition (P<0.0001) were observed in the lung tissues of all model groups. Hydroxyproline levels in lung tissue and serum were significantly elevated (P<0.05). The mRNA levels of fibrosis markers α-Sma, Fn1, and Col1a1 were upregulated (P<0.001), with significant increases in corresponding protein expression (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of the inflammatory factor Tgfb1 also increased (P<0.0001). Conclusions 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 mg/kg BLM can induce an IPF model in C57BL/6J mice. Based on the Results observed for survival rate, body mass, lung coefficient changes, lung tissue gross and pathological changes, and fibrosis-related biomarkers, 2.5 mg/kg BLM is the optimal concentration for inducing an IPF mouse model.