Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Qiwei Tangmaishu capsules on type 2 diabetes mice, and explore the mechanisms of its treatment of type 2 diabetes based on network pharmacology. Methods TCMSP, ETCM databases were used to query all components and of Qiwei Tangmaishu capsules and their targets. OMIM and DrugBank databases were used to search for targets of type 2 diabetes. The targets of type 2 diabetes and Qiwei Tangmaishu capsules were intersected by Venny 2.1.0. to perform GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on those intersecting targets using the Metascape website. Then, a mouse model of type 2 diabetes was established, and Qiwei Tangmaishu capsules were given to low, medium, and high dose groups (234, 468, and 936 mg/kg, respectively), and metformin(MET) group (200 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The weight of each mouse was measured before and after treatment, and fasting blood glucose was also measured. After the 2 weeks, fasting insulin was measured; ELISA was used to detect levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, TLR4, and NF-κB in serum; Hematoxylin eosin staining was used to observe the morphology of pancreatic islets; and Caspase 3 and INS immunofluorescence were used to detect apoptosis of pancreatic islet cells and the number of pancreatic beta cells. Western Blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of pancreatic tissue proteins such as p-Akt, Akt, p-PI3K, PI3K, Bax, Bcl2. Results 1260 active ingredient targets were identified in Qiwei Tangmaishu capsules; 1205 targets of type 2 diabetes were found. Of these, 312 targets were intersected by Venny, with core targets involving Akt1, TNF, IL-6, TLR4, among others. Enrichment analysis identified 240 KEGG pathways, among which “insulin resistance” “PI3K/Akt signaling pathway” were the key pathways enriched. The animal experiment result showed that compared with the model group, the intervention of Qiwei Tangmaishu capsules and metformin significantly improved blood glucose and insulin resistance; the content of inflammatory factors in serum decreased, and the apoptosis rate of pancreatic islet cells significantly decreased; the number of pancreatic beta cells significantly increased; the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax decreased, the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 significantly increased, and the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt was upregulated. Conclusions Qiwei Tangmaishu capsules can significantly reduce blood glucose levels, restore insulin sensitivity, and reduce islet cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetic mice. The mechanism may be related to the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.