Neurogenic bladder (NB) is one of the most challenging urinary system disorders, with spinal cord injury (SCI) being an important etiological factor. Animal models provide crucial tools for investigating the pathogenesis, therapeutic strategies, and novel drug screening for NB subsequent to SCI. We reviewed and synthesized recent literature on NB animal models after SCI from both domestic and international sources. This review summarizes and analyzes research advancements using these models in terms of animal species, SCI segments, modeling techniques, and evaluation indicators, with the aim of offering insights and guidance for future experimental research based on animal models of NB following SCI.