Establishment and evaluation of a rat model of blood stasis syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis
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1. the Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China;2. Department of Rheumatology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; 3. Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province(Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou 450016, China

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    Abstract:

    Objective To construct collagen-induced arthritis ( CIA) rat models of different blood stasis syndrome types and evaluate various modeling method, thereby providing a basis for establishing stable and reliable rat models of blood stasis syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Based on the CIA rat model, six different blood stasis models were established by superimposing various factors including adrenaline injection, ice-water bath stimulation, starvation, lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) administration, and high-fat diet feeding. The modeling method were comprehensively evaluated by measuring joint swelling, arthritis index (AI) scoring, Micro-CT, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, as well as assessing blood routine, hemodynamic parameters, and detecting inflammatory markers, coagulation indicators, and blood stasis-related indices via ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, the CIA-only group showed significantly increased inflammatory markers, hematological parameters,hemodynamic indices, and coagulation indicators. Micro-CT revealed significant bone destruction, and HE staining indicated rough articular surfaces and inflammatory cell infiltration. On this basis, different superimposed stimuli aggravated blood stasis-related manifestations to varying degrees: CIA + Adr group and CIA + LPS group exhibited comprehensive increases in inflammation, coagulation, and vasoactive substances. The CIA + Adr + ice water bath group showed worsened inflammation along with partial decreases in hemodynamic parameters. The CIA + Adr + ice water bath + starvation group demonstrated abnormalities in inflammatory and coagulation markers alongside reductions in certain factors. The CIA + LPS + high-fat diet group and CIA + high-fat diet group primarily exhibited abnormalities in hematological and vascular endothelial indicators. Conclusions Multiple stimuli can successfully induce different blood stasis syndrome types in CIA model rats, with certain differences observed. This study provides a comprehensive multidimensional evaluation of various modeling method for RA blood stasis syndrome, offering an experimental basis for further research into the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of this disease pattern.

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History
  • Received:May 13,2025
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  • Online: January 08,2026
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