Objective This study aimed to establish minipig models of ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) with high clinical relevance, to evaluate the feasibility of using minipigs as in vivo stroke models by monitoring post-stroke pathophysiological processes, and to provide a more accurate experimental platform for investigating stroke mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies. Methods The HS model was established by autologous blood injection using a double-injection method, while the IS model was constructed via cranial vascular electrocoagulation. After surgery, behavioral assessments, physiological and biochemical indices, histopathological examination of brain tissue, and immunohistochemical analysis of neuronal markers were conducted to comprehensively evaluate the extent to which the models replicated clinical stroke progression. Results Pigs in the IS model exhibited severe hemiparesis, motor dysfunction, and reduced levels of consciousness, accompanied by marked ischemic necrosis of brain tissue, pronounced inflammatory responses, significant neuronal apoptosis, and mild impairment of liver and kidney function. By contrast, pigs in the HS model showed mild behavioral disturbances and stable hematoma formation, along with cerebral edema, mechanical compression, active inflammatory responses,and evident neuronal injury with glial cell activation. Both models demonstrated good stability and reproducibility. Conclusions IS and HS minipig models with high clinical relevance were successfully established in this study.These findings confirm the feasibility and reliability of constructing stroke models in minipigs and provide a robust experimental basis for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies, supporting translational research and the advancement of precision stroke therapy.