Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is included in the category of “ premenstrual and postmenstrual symptoms” in traditional Chinese medicine. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder ( PMDD) is a serious subtype of premenstrual syndrome that is a common endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age, with serious effects on their physiological, psychological, and social functioning. The transmission of information between neurons depends on changes in the neural circuit structure, namely synaptic plasticity, which also participates directly or indirectly in the occurrence and development of PMS / PMDD. This review considers the induction of Chinese medicines ( including compounds, Chinese patent medicines, monomer components) through the regulation of synaptic plasticity for the treatment of PMS / PMDD. We also discuss experimental research result, focusing on identifying the mechanisms related to synaptic plasticity abnormalities during PMS / PMDD attacks, and clarifying possible traditional Chinese medicine interventions to achieve the ultimate goal of inhibiting the occurrence of PPMS / PMDD by regulating the activity level of the endocrine axis and affecting the level of neurotransmitters, and increasing the synthesis of neuroplasticity-related proteins.