Increasing work pressures and lifestyle changes in modern society are associated with an upward trend in the incidence of insomnia. As an emerging model organism, zebrafish share 87% genomic homology with humans, and their central nervous systems exhibit high conservation in terms of key structures and functions.Zebrafish also have the advantages of high-throughput screening capability and optical transparency, making them a highly valuable biological evaluation model in the field of sleep research. Plant-derived natural products,characterized by abundant sleep-promoting active ingredients and high safety, have broad prospects in the development of sleep-aiding products. This article reviews the mechanisms of sleep regulation, the method for establishing zebrafish insomnia models, behavioral evaluation systems, and the application status of these models in the development of plant-derived products. The review aims to provide theoretical support and method ological references for the application of zebrafish models in the development of sleep-aid products, especially in the research, development, and efficacy evaluation of plant-derived sleep-aid products.