Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, which is seriously harmful to human health. Its prevalence rate is increasing throughout the country. Patients with chronic hyperglycemia develop severe microvascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy (DN), diabetic foot (DF), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Nowadays, T2DM has become a public health problem in the world. How to effectively treat T2DM and prevent microvascular complications has become an important medical issue to be solved urgently. So far, animal models are still the main tools to study the pathophysiology and treatment of T2DM and its microvascular complications, and it is urgent to establish highly consistent animal models. Biochemical indicators are the most direct reflection of the physiological state and body health of animals, and are crucial in evaluating the success of models, often affecting the experimental results. At the same time, biochemical indexes are also important reference basis for disease diagnosis and drug intervention. In this study, the experimental data of the animal model of T2DM and its microvascular complications were summarized, and the biochemical indexes were analyzed, in order to provide theoretical reference for future related experiments.