Based on the compound factors of clinical practice, some progress has been made in acute exacerbation models of respiratory diseases by "two-hit" method. In this review, the current research on acute exacerbation models of pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma constructed by compound factors is summarized. Furthermore, the characteristics and scope of application of each model are compared and analyzed in animal strain selection, model preparation methods and major histopathological changes, providing reference for researchers to further improve and perfect the model or rationally select the animal models.