Gastric ulcer is a common digestive system disease. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a significant effect in treatment of this disease. However, its treatment mechanism is unclear. Establishing a scientific and objective animal model and model evaluation system is of great significance to promote development of TCM in this field. This article organizes the literature related to treatment of gastric ulcer by TCM in the past 10 years and summarizes methods for establishing and evaluating animal models of TCM syndromes relating to gastric ulcer. The methods were reviewed for liver and stomach disharmony syndrome, spleen and stomach dampness-heat syndrome, blood stasis in stomach syndrome, deficiency cold of spleen and stomach syndrome, stomach Yin deficiency syndrome, and liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome. The current animal models of gastric ulcer had the following problems: the typing of TCM syndromes was not unified, the methods and syndrome types of the models were limited, the standards of model establishment methods were different, the combination of disease and syndrome of models was not close enough, and the model evaluation system was not standardized. Suggestions for model improvement are proposed to provide a reference for research in this field.