Objective Investigate the effect of fear stress during pregnancy on the expression of glucose transporter (GLUT) in the placenta, providing evidence for the theory of fetal damage caused by fear stress during pregnancy. Methods 20 pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group and a model group, with 10 rats in each group. Among them, the fear stress model was established according to modified bystander electroshock method for 19 days, and the normal group was kept normally. After the experiment, the number of offspring, placental and fetal rats weights were measured, and placental efficiency was calculated. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the morphological changes of placental cells. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to screen for differential genes in pregnancy stress-phobic placentas, and GSEA enrichment analysis was performed. Protein immunoblotting (Western blot), real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR), and immunohistochemistry were used to detect GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT6, and GLUT7 protein and gene expression levels. Results The placental efficiency was significantly reduced in the model group compared with the control group; the results of transmission electron microscopy showed that the placental microvilli were sparse and short, and the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were swollen in the model group; GSEA analysis revealed that placental genes were significantly enriched in cellular glucose homeostasis in the model group compared with the control group; The results of Western blot, Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry indicate a decrease in both protein and gene expression levels of GLUT1, GLUT6, and GLUT7 in the placenta of pregnant rats. Conclusions Prenatal exposure to fear stress may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes, potentially associated with reduced levels of three key glucose transporters in the placenta: GLUT1, GLUT6, and GLUT7.