【】 Maternal separation is a kind of social deprivation in early life, which will damage the learning and memory ability of rats in adulthood. The animal model of mother-infant separation is one of the commonly used animal models to study the manifestations and mechanisms of learning and memory impairment. In this paper, the animal model of maternal-infant separation and the related mechanism of maternal-infant separation affecting offspring"s learning and memory are reviewed, in order to provide basis for subsequent related research on maternal-infant separation.