As China has become the second largest market for medical devices in the world, the domestic medical device industry has been growing. As an important part of preclinical evaluation of medical devices, large animal research directly affects the research and application of medical devices. Large animals are widely used in the evaluation of safety and feasibility of medical devices because they are closer to humans in terms of body size, anatomical structure and physiological functions. In large animal experimental research, the selection of suitable experimental animals and the establishment of suitable animal disease models are the basis for ensuring the smooth progress of experiments. In this paper, the selection of experimental animals and the establishment of disease models in medical device large animal experimental research are systematically sorted out, and the existing problems and deficiencies are pointed out.