Nonspecific low back pain is a common clinical disease, whose pathogenesis and causes are still unclear, and the advantages and disadvantages of various therapeutic programs are controversial. Current research on this disease is mostly limited to clinical studies, and there is an urgent need to invest in a large number of animal experiments to analyze its underlying mechanisms. The construction of animal models is an important means to study the pathogenesis of non-specific low back pain and to explore therapeutic methods, but there are certain limitations and lags in the establishment of models for this disease. Therefore, this paper reviews the selection of animals, construction methods, and evaluation methods of relevant indexes of animal models of non-specific low back pain, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various models, to clarify the existing problems of the current basic research of this disease, and tries to provide new ideas, aiming at laying a theoretical foundation for the study of the mechanism of non-specific low back pain and the improvement of the therapeutic strategy.