Nuclear factors κB (NF-κB) is a multifunctional transcription factor that participates in regulating a wide range of biological processes. Existing evidence suggests that the early pathological changes of viral myocarditis (VMC) are mainly virus induced myocardial cell damage, and the inflammatory response can effectively clear the virus; In the late stage, it is the indirect inflammatory damage caused by the virus activating the immune response. At this time, uncontrolled inflammation can damage the myocardium, leading to cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors plays a decisive role in the prognosis of VMC. NF-κB pathway not only mediates inflammatory responses, but also regulates pathways such as cell apoptosis, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance to participate in the pathological progression of VMC.