Objective To construct a nearly clinical animal model of lower limb varicose veins in rats through surgery, providing theoretical support for evaluating drug therapy. Method 30 SD rats, half male and half female, were randomly divided into a control group and a surgical group. In the operation group, the rats' lower limb veins ( including small saphenous vein and femoral vein ) were ligated by the improved lower limb vein ligation operation, that is, the small saphenous vein was completely ligated with femoral vein, and thrombosis resulted in a lasting increase in the internal pressure of the deep veins of the lower limb, thus causing varicose symptoms of the lower limb. At the 6th week after surgery, the varicose veins of the rats in the surgical group were scored to select the rats that were successfully modeled.Then, the successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into a model group and a treatment group: Maizhiling 62.5 mg/kg was orally administered once a day, while the control group and model group received equal volume of physiological saline orally every day for 20 consecutive days. On the day before administration, 7 days, 14 days, and 20 days after administration, macro photography and scoring were performed on the lower limbs of rats. After completion, the model group and the Maizhiling group took approximately 1 cm long saphenous vein above the ankle joint of the lower limb on the surgical side, while the control group took the corresponding saphenous vein of the lower limb on the same side. Pathological tissue observation was performed using HE staining, Masson staining, and immunohistochemical examination for interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1). Result Out of the 22 rats in the surgical group, 20 were successfully modeled, with a success rate of 91%. According to the manifestations of venous dilation, varicose veins, and redness in the lower limbs of rats, compared with the control group, the varicose vein score in the model group increased significantly (P<0.01). After administering the therapeutic dose of Maizhiling, the varicose vein score in the Maizhiling group decreased significantly compared with the model group (P<0.01).Pathological examination showed significant varicose vein like changes and mild inflammation in the model group; The Maizhiling group reduced varicose veins and inflammation. Conclusion A rat model of lower limb varicose veins has been successfully established, providing a new research method for the study of drugs and treatment methods related to lower limb varicose diseases.