Precision therapy has become an important means of modern medicine, and its goal is to provide individualized treatment according to the characteristics of patients. The successful development of precision medicine depends on the application of preclinical cancer models. Patient-Derived Organoids (PDO) xenograft model display both characteristics of in vitro PDO model and in vivo Patient-Derived Tumor Xenograft (PDX) model. This model can not only maintain the heterogeneity of the original tumor, but also show more advantages, such as the large-scale cultivation, high throughput drug screening in vitro and drug sensitivity test in vitro. It is an innovative, precise preclinical disease model. In this review, we mainly summarize the basic characteristics of PDO xenograft model, analyze its construction methods and influencing factors, and further discuss its application in precision therapy. The aim is to provide a reliable preclinical experimental tool for cancer individual treatment.