Organoids have become an important technological platform in cancer research, but there are still challenges in simulating the primary tumor tissue structure and function. The development of gene editing technology, especially when combined with tumor organoids, provides a new approach to accurately and comprehensively simulate the characteristics of in vivo tumor models. Introducing specific gene mutations or correcting mutations in tumor organoids through gene editing technology can deeply analyze the mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression, explore potential therapeutic targets, accelerate the drug screening process, and provide new insights for personalized cancer treatment. This article reviews the formation of tumor organoids and the technical aspects of gene editing strategies, emphasizing the unique applications and prospects of gene editing technology in tumor organoids. Meanwhile, it is proposed that accurately simulating the in vivo microenvironment, promoting the standardisation and stability of organoid gene editing technology, and optimising the efficiency of gene editing can accelerate the application of organoids in precision medicine research.