Neurogenic bladder (NB) stands as one of the most challenging urinary system disorders, with spinal cord injury (SCI) being a primary etiological factor. Animal models serve as crucial instruments for investigating the pathogenesis, therapeutic strategies, and novel drug screening for NB subsequent to SCI. By reviewing and synthesizing recent literature on NB animal models after SCI from both domestic and international sources, this paper summarizes and analyzes the research advancements in such models, encompassing animal species, SCI segments, modeling techniques, and evaluation indicators. The aim is to offer insights and guidance for experimental research based on animal models of NB following SCI.