With the increase of people"s work pressure and changes in lifestyle, the incidence rate of insomnia has shown a significant upward trend. As a new model organism, zebrafish share 87% homology with the human genome, and their central nervous system is highly conserved with that of humans in both structure and function. Possessing advantages such as high-throughput screening, neural conservation, and optical transparency, zebrafish have become an important biological evaluation model in the field of sleep research. Plant-derived natural products have shown broad prospects in the development of sleep-aiding products due to their rich sleep-promoting active ingredients and high safety. This article reviews the mechanisms of sleep regulation, the establishment methods of zebrafish insomnia models, the behavioral evaluation system, and the development and application of sleep-aiding products. It provides a theoretical basis and methodological reference for the application of the zebrafish model in the development of sleep-aiding products, especially in the research, development, and efficacy evaluation of plant-derived sleep-aiding products.