Primary blast brain injury refers to the disease caused by blast shock wave directly acting on the brain. Unlike penetrating blast injury and traditional closed brain injury, most blast brain injury patients suffer from long-term post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive behavioral dysfunction and psychosocial dysfunction, which constitute a major social problem. Because The clinical neuropathology of bTBI is not well-defined, its diagnosis and treatment are challenging. Further understanding of the pathophysiology of blast brain injury depends on the establishment of effective experimental animal models. In this paper, the animal experimental model of blast brain injury was reviewed to provide ideas for experimental research and clinical treatment of blast brain injury.