Abstract:To identify molecules that modulate T cell functions, we have established a monoclonal antibody that recognizes CD98 heavy chain; the next results showed that anti-CD98hc mAb can suppress fibronectin-mediated cell spreading but not amino acid transport. Furthermore, anti-CD98hc mAb significantly suppressed T cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reaction. Thus, these results indicated that anti-CD98 mAb may prevent and treat T cell mediated autoimmune diseases in the future.

Abstract:Objective To establish the Escherichia coli O127 infected animal model and establish the real-time PCR method for detecting TGF-β1. Methods The inflammatory bowel mice model was constructed by intragastrical administration of Escherichia coli O127. The TGF-β1 of mice colon tissue was analyzed using chimeric fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results The inflammatory bowel of mice was established successfully. The expression level of TGF-β1 of experimental group was higher than control group. Conclusions TGF-β1 can be taken as an evaluation standard for inflammatory bowel animal model.

Abstract:Objective By cloning and analyzing the partial sequence of Cricetulus griseus 16s ，the purpose of this research is to qust for framework and function. Methods According to conservative domain of the published sequence of 16s gene of rodent animal in GenBank，a pair of primers that can amplify Cricetulus griseus 16s gene was designed and synthesized. The sequence was compared with published 16s genes in GenBank by Blastn，based on 16s sequences the molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed by neighbor-joining method，unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means and taxonomic status of cricetulus griseus was estimated at molecular level. Results The part sequences of 16s gene in cricetulus griseus were obtained. The results showed that Cricetulus griseus, Mesocricetus auratus and Cricetus cricetus had the closest phylogenetic relationship，Microtus fortis, Microtus kikuchii and Microtus rossiaemeridionalis had the closest phylogenetic relationship，Mus and Rattus had the closest phylogenetic relationship. Conclusion Cricetulus griseus and Mesocricetus auratus had closest relationship. The evolution tree built from the homology of 16S genes of Cricetulus griseus and other 7 kinds of animal was consistent with the traditional taxonomic results.

Abstract:Objective To observe the difference of the dynamic changes and the degree of the fibrosis induced by two different methods that one-time-large-dose(OLD) of tail vein injection and multiple-low-dose (MLD) of tail vein injection of bleomycin ( BLM). Methods 126 male ICR mice with age of 8 wk were randomly divided into OLD model and MLD model.The OLD model was classified into three groups with the different dose 200mg/kg（ ML）, 150mg/kg（MM）,100mg/kg（MS）and negative control group ,and injiected with BLM200mg/kg、150mg/kg、100mg/kg and Saline 10ml/kg respectively. 6 mice were executed after injection in 7, 14 and 21days, respectively. The multiple low dose model was classified into 10mg/kg/d group (M)and negative control group . Six mice were executed after injection of BLM and Saline in 14, 21 and 28 days, respectively,each group was injectied 14 days continuously. The weigh ,survival rate , pathological changes and collagen III in the lung tissue were observed. Results ①In the OLD model, degree of alveolar inflammation score and lung fibrosis score of the mice in all groups were significantly higher than the normal group (P < 0.05) except the MS group and the MM group (p>0.05)executed in 7 days. The expression of Ⅲ collagen in all groups were significantly higher than the normal group (P<0.05) except the MS group (p>0.05)executed in 7 days. The expression of Ⅲ collagen in each group at 21 days reached a peak, and the 200mg/kg group executed in 21 days is the higest; the model mice in each dose group no deaths, the mortality rate was 0;②In the MLD model, compared to the normal group, the alveolar inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis of all the groups were statistically significant (P<0.05);the type III collagen expression of all the groups was also higher than normal (P<0.05) group, and the increase was progressive with time, peaked at 28 days; in this model , there are 11 mice died, the mortality rate was 30.56% .③The comparison between each group after injiection 14 days , The expression of Ⅲ collagen in pairwise comparisons between each groups were not statistically significant (P> 0.05) , except with 200 mg/kgBLM group and 10 mg/kg/dBLM groups compared to 100 mg/kgBLM group was statistical significance（P >0.05）, respectively. The comparison between each group after injiection 21 days , The expression of Ⅲ collagen in 200mg/kg BLM group higer than other groups (p<0.05),and the 100mg/kg BLM group lower than other groups ,and there is no significant differences between the the 150mg/kgBLM group group 10mg/kg/dBLM group (P> 0.05).conclusion In our experiments , the model of the injection BLM200mg/kg 21 days, is the most successful model , the mortality of mice is low, operation is simple and effective safety and convenience features to make it hopes to become a copy of the ideal model of pulmonary fibrosis.

Abstract:Aim: To establish the mouse focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model with suture method ,and study the stability of the model of middle cerebral artery （MCAO）. Method ： One hundred Kunming mice , weighing 20-40g, half male and half female, were randomly divided into 10 groups according to the body weight: sham group (♂), sham group (♀), group A(♂,20-25g), group B (♂,25-30g), group C (♂,30-35g),group D (♂,35-40g),group E (♀,20-25g), group F (♀,25-30g), group G (♀,30-35g), group H (♀,35-40g).10 mice in each group. Nylon thread (Φ0.128-0.180mm) was plugged into the internal carotid artery in mouse to occlude the right middle cerebral artery reversibly. The reliability of the MCAO model was evaluated by the degree of neurological deficit score and TTC stain. Result：Other groups except sham groups all emerged the change in nervous behavioral function and clear infarction area in TTC after cerebral ischemic reperfusion. There were significant increases of behavior scores and infarct volume in group A and group C (P < 0.01), compared with group C and group D. The neural deficit scores in group E and group F were markedly higher than that in group G and group H (p<0.01). Meanwhile, the volume of cerebral infarction enhanced significantly (P<0.05) in group E and group F in comparison with group G and group H. Compared with female mice，the success rates of MCAO model were increased in male mice while the mortality rates were decreased. The neurological scores in group A were observably higher than that in group E (p<0.01). In addition, there were significant increases of behavior scores and infarct volume in group B(P < 0.01), compared with group F. Conclusion ： The mouse focal cerebral ischemic/reperfusion model with suture method is stable and simple. There are many crucial factors to guarantee the success of mouse focal cerebral ischemic/reperfusion model induced by nylon monofilament, such as the mice weight matching the diameter of monofilament, the depth of line, sex selection, operation time, and suitable temperature during experiment. Experimental investigation shows that weighing about 25g Kunming male mice is fit for the studies of focal cerebral ischemic/reperfusion.

Abstract:Objective To explore the changes and roles of inflammatory factors in Acute Lung Injury Inducde by Swine Influenza virus H9N2 in Mice. Methods The experimental mice were infected with swine influenza virus (H9N2) by nose dropping. To obtain lung tissue homogenate of mice in 2, 4, 6, 10 and 14 day after infection, then concentration of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were detected. Results Concentration of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-10 in lung tissue homogenate of infected group were significantly higher than control group in different time point (P< 0.05)，TNF-α and IL-1β were tended towards normal, but IL-6 and IL-10 were still in the high levels after 14 days. Conclusion Inflammation factor plays a major role in acute lung injury induced by H9N2 subtype swine influenza virus in mice, TNF-α and IL-1β were displayed a proinflammatory effect, and IL-10 was likely the same as IL-6 that were play an anti-inflammatory effect.

Abstract:Carcinogenicity studies in drug preclinical safety studies have important effects on clinical trials and marketing authorization for medicines.In some developed countries,the short/medium term models have been used as an additional component of the potential carcinogenicity assessment, in place of 2-year mouse bioassay.Based on the data and information obtained from chemical carcinogenicity evaluation,we overview the characteristics and recent application of these models here.Then faced with the shortages of these models,the demand for developing new pharmaceutical at home and the international circulation of pharmaceutical,we suppose that the creation of new humanized model which has defects in functions of DNA damage repair and cell cycle check-point appears to be a very promising alternative model.

Abstract:Objective: To establish the Non-alcoholic Fat Liver Animal Model of Microtus fortis and to observe the dynamic variation of relevant index. Methods: 70 6-week-old male Microtus fortis were randomly divided into two groups. The voles of model group were fed on the high-fat ingredients and the voles of control group were fed on the high-fiber diet. Voles of each group were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 week. The body weight and liver weight were measured; serum values of ALT, AST, ALP, r-GT, CHE, TG, TC, FFA, GLU, HDL and LDL were calculated by biochemistry analyzer. The histological changes of livers were observed with light microscopy. Results: Voles fed the high-fat diet developed panlobular macrovesicular steatosis, whereas those fed the high-fiber diet had normal livers. Compared with the control group, liver weight and liver index of model group were significantly increased, serum ALT, AST, r-GT, CHE, TC, FFA, GLU and LDL were significantly high; HDL and TG were significantly low. Conclusions: A Non-alcoholic fatty liver model of Microtus fortis was successfully established by fed high-fat diet for 6 weeks, which could provide a useful tool to elucidate the pathogenesis and the treatment of the NAFL.

Abstract:【Abstract】 objective To establish the SH-SY5Y cell lines stably expressing of beta-synuclein protein. Methods SH-SY5Y cells were transfected by pcDNA3.1-β-synuclein plasmid using Lipofectin and selected with Zeocin. The expression of β-synuclein was detected by immunohistochemistry, situ immunofluorescence and Western blot. The effects of β-synuclein expression in SH-SY5Y cells on cell proliferation were detected by MTT assay. Results The stable expression of β-synuclein in SH -SY5Y cells was detected to be higher than the control group stably expressing β-Galactosidase by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The cell proliferation was significantly increased compared with the control group by MTT assay（P<0.05）. Conclusion β-synuclein was successfully expressed and exerted protective effect in SH-SY5Y cells ,which provide a foundation for the further study of β-synuclein in Parkinson's disease.

Abstract:SD rat is a common experiment animal in clinic iatrology, In this article, we studied the weight correlation among the main viscera of 24 SD rats. The result showed that there are no correlation (P> 0.05) between liver and heart, and they are also no correlation with other main viscera such as lung, spleen, kidney and stomach etc, while spleen has the distinct correlation with kidney (P < 0.01), stomach not only has the distinct correlation with lung and spleen (P < 0.01) it also has correlation with kidney (P < 0.05).

Abstract:【Abstract】Object To observe the effect of Paraquat on neurobehavioral development and learning ability in C57BL/6J mice.Methods Eighty neonatal C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups, i.e.. Saline(the control group),1.25mg/kg/d, 2.5mg/kg/d,5mg/kg/d,10mg/kg/d Paraquat groups. The chemical was given by lavage in the volume 0.1mL/10g body weight for 30 days. Neural behaviors were examined by using the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance task after administration.The brain organ weight and histological changes were examined. Ultrastructural changes of the substantia nigra were observed under the transmission electron microscope.Results No significant change of body weight was observed among groups and no significant difference was observed in the time of the Morris water maze test (P>0.05).The results of passive avoidance task in high dose group was longer than that in the control group, there was a significant difference(P﹤0.05) .Brain Lesions were observed both in the transmission electron microscope and tissue sections.Conclusion C57BL/6J mice exposed to paraquat during the developmental period could yield the alterations of behavior and pathological and biochemical changes.

Abstract:Objective To study on pathology and gene expressions in Microtus fortis infected with Schistosoma japonicum, which provide reference for the further researches on the mechanisms of anti-schistosomiasis of M. fortis. Methods M. fortis was challenged with 2000cercariae of S. japonicum. Lungs and livers of M. fortis were collected at 6, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days after infection. Histological changes of livers and lungs of all voles were observed by light microscopy. The expression of Lyz,RT1-Db1,Cd74,C1qa, Thra and Igf1 genes were detected by real-time PCR. Result 6-10 days after infected with S. japonicum, massive hemorrhage was observed in lungs, hepatic cells showed vacuolar degeneration, liver sinusoidal expanded, a large numbers of eosinophils and a small amount of other inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, macrophages exuded around vascular of lungs and livers, which were gradually recovered from twentieth day. Lyz,RT1-Db1and Cd74 genes were significantly up-regulated in lungs and livers from sixth day after infection and gradually restored from twentieth day;C1qa gene was significantly up-regulated in lungs, Thra gene was significantly down-regulated in lungs, Igf1 gene was down-regulated in livers. Conclusion Eosinophil may play an important role in anti-schistosomiasis of M. fortis and up-regulation or down-regulation of some genes may also have suitable function.

Abstract:【Abstract】 Objective To examine the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in the different cell types of ovary and uterus in Beagle Bitches. Methods Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of ERα, ER β in dog uterus and ovary with DAB, BCIP/NBT and AEC staining. Results The Beagles ERα was mainly expressed in the nuclei of granulosa cells, ovarian interstitial gland epithelial cells and endometrial glandular epithelial cells (along with weaker staining in the cytosol). It was also expressed sporadically in the nuclei of the theca cells, the glands stromal cells, the arteriolar vascular endothelial cells, the artery smooth muscle cells and the small vein endothelial cells. On the contrary, ERβ was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of all of the above cells (along with sporadic staining in the nucleus). In additionally, in the corpus luteum of different physiological periods, ERα was immunohistochemical positive in the nuclei of theca cells, and also in the nuclei and cytoplasm of luteinizing granulosa cells, while ERβ was still positive expressed in the cytoplasm of luteal cells. Coexpression of ERα and ERβ in dog uterus was not detected with BCIP/NBT and AEC double staining. Conclusion Immunohistochemical expression of ERα and ERβ in Beagles uterus and ovary was different, ERα mainly located in the nucleus of different cell types (along with weaker staining in the cytosol), whereas ERβ was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of the different cell types (along with sporadic staining in the nucleus).

Abstract:Objective Comparative analysis of left and right ventricular function of cTnTR141W transgenic mice of dilated cardiomyopathy, studying whether cTnTR141W transgenic mice can be used as a right ventricular cardiomyopathy animal model. Methods A Comparative study of cardiac tissue left and right ventricular in vivo structural and functional changes between non-transgenic mice (NTG) and cTnTR141W transgenic mice at 2, 4, 6 and 8 months of age by 7.0T high-field magnetic resonance imaging technology. Changes of left and right ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF) were analyzed quantitatively with ages. Meanwhile, pathologic changes of myocardial tissue from NTG and cTnTR141W transgenic mice were analyzed at 6 month of age. Results Compared with NTG, left and right ventricular volume of cTnTR141W transgenic mice showed an increased tendency, and ejection fraction showed a trend of decrease. Right ventricular ejection fraction showed earlier significant difference between NTG and cTnTR141W transgenic mice (P< 0.05). Compared to NTG, structure and function pathophysiological changes of right ventricular and left ventricular of cTnTR141W transgenic mice trend to be serious with aging at the same time. Dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype was showed in right and left ventricular after 4 month of age typically. Conclusion Dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype of cTnTR141W transgenic mice left ventricular and right ventricular occurred at the same time. This mice can be used as animal models, which research on right ventricular function in cardiomyopathy.

Abstract:[Abtract] Objective In order to explore the pathogenity molecular basis of A/H6N1 AIV .we established A/H6N1 subtype avian influenza virus reverse genetic System and evaluation of the pathogenicity of PB2 E627K in A/H6N1 Avian InfluenzaVirus. Methods rA/H6N1 and rA/H6N1-627 were rescued by A/Mallard/SanJiang / 275/2007 strain reverse genetic system and site mutation technology. 101EID50--106EID50 rA/H6N1 and rA/H6N1-627 inoculated mice separately. the virology data were collected by body weight change, MLD50 and vius titration. Results A/H6N1 subtype avian influenza virus reverse genetic System was established successfully , Sequence analysis results show that the 8 gene segments of rA/H6N1 are derived from the genome of A/H6N1and have no nucleic acid change. rA/H6N1 can infect mice efficiently but are not lethal for mice , showing low pathogenicity in mice (MLD50 >106.5EID50). The distribution of virus and the virus titer shows no difference with A/H6N1. so the biological characteristics keep the same with A/H6N1. rA/H6N1-627 can infect mice, with the decreasing weight, but are not lethal for all the mice in 106EID50 group. Conclusion The results show that PB2-E627K which playing important roles in H5N1 is not the determining factor in A/H6N1.The reverse genetic system and site mutation technology develop the foundations in pathogenic mechanism, transmission mechanism and virus gene function of A/H6N1 AIV , also open up new ways for the A/H6N1 AIV vaccines.

Abstract:Abstract: Objective: This thesis intends to investigate whether there are sequence differences between the inbred strains of mice A / J and C3H/HeJ (C3H) onanalyze a puberty relevant quantitative trait loci locus (Quantitative Trait Locus, QTL) (DXMit68-rs29053133) on whether there are sequence differences affecting the phenotype in order inbred strains of mice A / J and C3H/HeJ (C3H) to help on screening of the candidate genes. Methods: To build a Specific Sections Replacement strain replacement for the region specific section based on the between A / J and C3H/HeJ (C3H) strain mices , and study the puberty traits of their females puberty traits. This QTL chromosome sequence differences in between A / J and C3H/HeJ in this QTL did not cause significant difference in the related traits phenotype. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the genes with sequence differences in this QTL section of the mice region between A/J and C3H/HeJ are not among the candidate genes that cause the puberty phenotypic differences.

Abstract:Animal models play an important role in the research associate with type II diabetes. The diabetes study based on animal models is of great significance for pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and its complications. In this paper, type II diabetes animal models and their construction were reviewed, which will provide important reference for the development of type II diabetes animal model.