Abstract:Objective To assess the efficiency and toxicity of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) mediated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) gene transferring to myocardium in SD rats by different cardiac gene delivery methods. Methods The AAV9-SERCA2a-EGFP virus victor system was constructed in vitro successfully. According to the three cardiac gene delivery methods, 90 normal SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: TVI (Tail vein injection，TVI)group, IMI（Intramyocardial injection，IMI）group, and IPI (Intrapericardial injection，IPI)group. Each group was respectively transferred with AAV9-SERCA2a-EGFP, AAV9-EGFP, NS 200µL at the titer of 1×1011 vg/mL using the appropriate method. After 30 days of gene delivery, the expression of EGFP in the tissue of heart, liver and kidney was observed by inverted fluorescence microscopy. Western blotting was performed to detect relative expression levels of SERCA2a gene in rats' tissue. Surface 12-lead ECG was used to record the incidence of arrhythmia. HE staining observed the histopathological changes. The changes of cardiac function was measured by echocardiogram. Blood chemistry indicators were used to assess the changes in liver and kidney. Results Left ventricular could observed a large number of green fluorescent in three groups and IMI group of green fluorescent confined in the injection point, liver and kidney were seen faint green fluorescence in three groups; The relative expression of SERCA2a protein of myocardium in the three groups was significantly higher than liver and kidney (P<0.01), and the myocardial relative expression of SERCA2a protein in TVI group and IMI group was significantly higher than IPI group (P<0.01). ECG was normal in TVI group and IPI group, but frequent premature ventricular beats were observed in two rats of IMI group.There were no significant difference in cardiac function, histopathology and blood chemistry indicators between transferring AAV9-SERCA2a-EGFP, AAV9-EGFP and transferring NS (P>0.05). Conclusion Transfected with a titer of 1×1011 vg/mL AAV9-SERCA2a gene, the efficiency in TVI group and IMI goup was better than IPI goup, and the toxicity in TVI group and IPI goup was lower than IMI group. Considering the evaluation of efficiency and toxicity by 1×1011 vg/mL AAV9-SERCA2a gene delivering in three methods, the TVI method is better than IMI and IPI method.

Abstract:[Abstract] Objective Visfatin is an adipokine associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). But the effects are controversial in published articles. The aim of the present study was to determine the phenotypic characteristics of Tg-visfatin×ob/ob mice and explore the effect of visfatin by Tg-visfatin mice and type 2 diabete mice ob/ob. Methods Tg-visfatin mice was crossed with ob（+/-）mice to produce homozygotes Tg-visfatin×ob/ob mice and ob/ob mice. The body weight of two kinds of mice were recorded from 1 to 9 months of age. The Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test(IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test(ITT) were determined at 3, 5, 9-months-old mice, and the death rate of two kinds of mice were recorded from 9 to 11 month old. Results The body weight from 1 to 9 months of age was almost the same. From the result of IPGTT and ITT, compared with ob/ob mice, at 3 months of age, the glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance of Tg-visfatin×ob/ob mice was reduced; at 5 months of age, only glucose tolerance of Tg-visfatin×ob/ob mice was reduced; when at 9 months of age, the glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance of Tg-visfatin×ob/ob mice was aggravated. The death rate of Tg-visfatin×ob/ob mice was improved by 44.4% than ob/ob mice from 9 to 11 months old . Conclusions The results demonstrate that Visfatin plays a positive role in attenuating glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance of ob/ob mice at 3 and 5 month old, but with the growth of age, visfatin aggravate glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance of ob/ob mice at 9 month old and the death rate improves from 9 to 11 month old.

Abstract:Objective To examine whether glucose intraperitoneal injection could successfully establish rat sugar cataract models. We also discussed the delay effect and short-term therapeutic effect of Baicalin eyedrop, taurine eyedrop, taurine intraperitoneal injection and Vc intraperitoneal injection on cataract models. Methods The study established cataract models using intraperitoneal injection of 30% glucose following the doses of 2.5ml/time for a male rat and 2ml/time for a female rat. We also provided all drugs at the same time, including eyedrops for twice a day, and intraperitoneal injection for once a day. We examined lens situation using slit-lamp from the third day of injection. We also measured body weight and diet situation during the study. Results The study showed that glucose intraperitoneal injection could establish sugar cataract in 3 days. The delay effect and short-term therapeutic effect of every drug had the same trandency, and they were taurine intraperitoneal injection > Baicalin eyedrop > taurine eyedrop > Vc intraperitoneal injection. Conclusions 30% Glucose intraperitoneal injection could induce rat sugar cataract in a short period. Further more, the delaying effect of taurine injection and Chinese traditional medicine Baicalin eyedrop were more obvious compared with taurine eyedrop and Vc injection.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) on biomechanical properties of femur and lumbar spine in male rats. Methods: Twenty-four 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups which were given CdCl2 by subcutaneous injection at a doses of 0 (sodium chloride), 0.1, 0.5 and 1.5 mg /kg body weight, respectively. At the 12th week, blood, lumbar spine and femur were collected for cadmium assay, bone mineral density (BMD) measurement and biomechanical test. Results: Cd in blood and bone of rats treated with Cd were significantly higher than the control(P < 0.05).BMD of rats exposed to 0.5mg/kg bw and 1.5mg/kg bw were significantly lower than the control(P < 0.05).Biomechanical properties of femur and lumbar spine in rats treated with Cd were decreased compared with the control, especially for biomechanical properties of femur in 1.5mg/kg bw group and biomechanical properties of lumbar spine in 0.5 and 1.5mg/kg bw groups(P < 0.01). Conclusion: Cd exposure could reduce bone biomechanical properties and the reduction of biomechanics of lumbar spine was more sensitive than those of femur.

Abstract:Objective To explore the liver cell apoptosis and DNA damage of rats exposed to fluoride. Method SD rats were randomly divided into control group, low fluorine group, middle fluorine group and high fluorine group,each group of 12. SD rats were incubated with 0, 50,100,and200 mg/ L sodiumfluoride for 120d. To observate the changes of dental, determinate the urinary fluoride in rats by using fluoride ion selective electrode method, observe the pathological changes by HE staining tissue ,test the DNA damage by comet assay,and measure liver cell apoptosis by Flow cytometry. Results Urinary fluoride is 23.52?.91、30.16?.78、61.23?.98 mg/L in each fluoride groups,and the fluoride groups were significantly higher than 0.07?.02 mg/L of the control group .The difference was statistically significant（p＜0.01）.Different doses of fluoride In rat liver cells showed varying degrees of swelling and pathological changes .The rat liver cell tailing rate and tail length in the fluoride group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant . Liver cell tailing rate and tail length increase with fluoride dose increasing.The rates of cell apoptosis in the fluoride groups were significantly higher than that of the control group,and the rates of cell apoptosis in middle fluorine group and high fluorine group were significantly higher than that of low fluorine group（p＜0.01）.Conclusion Fluoride exposure induces DNA damage and apoptosis of the liver cell.There is a significant positive correlation between DNA damage and apoptosis induced by fluoride in certain level range.

Abstract:PURPOSE: To investigate CT perfusion features in C6 rat gliomas, and analyze correlations between perfusion CT paremeters and CD105-MVD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total 20 male SD rats, weighting 250-300g, were divided into glioma group (n=10) and control group (n=10) at random. Rats in glioma group were implanted C6 glioma cells at right caudate nucleus of rat brain through stereotaxic apparatus to establish a rat brain glioma model. After three weeks, perfusion CT was performed in glioma group and control group. Perfusion CT values (CBV, CBF, PS and MTT) were measured at the right nucleus caudatus in rat brain tissue. The rats were killed and their brains were removed within 24 hours after perfusion CT, the samples at nucleus caudatus in rat brain tissue were examined histologically using HE and immunohistochemical staining for FⅧ and CD105. The differences between the number of FⅧ positively staining vessels within gliomas and that of normal brain tissues in control group were determined using independent samples t test. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to investigate relationships between perfusion CT parameters (CBV, CBF, PS and MTT) and immunohistochemical parameters (FⅧ-MVD and CD105-MVD). RESULTS: All rat brain gliomas, three weeks after C6 glioma cells implanted, were viewed as significantly enhanced mass on contrast enhancement CT scan. Control group rat brain CBV, CBF, PS and MTT values (mean ?SD) were (10.28?.01) mL/100g, (304.95?8.77) mL/100g.min, (0.26?.34) mL/100g.min, (1.48?.07) s, respectively. Rat gliomas at right caudate nucleus area CBV, CBF, PS and MTT values (mean ?SD) were (17.35?.73) mL/100g, (508.66?58.88) mL/min.100g, (13.92?.96) mL/min.100g, (1.79?.44) s, respectively. CBV, CBF and PS values in glioma group were significant higher than those in control group. FⅧ-MVD and CD105-MVD in glioma group was (34.7 vessels per field?.13) and (16.6 vessels per field?.12) respectively. Significant correlations were observed between FⅧ-MVD, CD105-MVD and CBV, PS in glioma group. CBF correlated well with the number for CD105-MVD, while CBF was not significant correlation with FⅧ-MVD in glioma group. MTT was not significant correlation with MVD in glioma group. CONCLUSION: Significant correlations between perfusion CT parameters (CBV、CBF and PS) and CD105-MVD. Perfusion CT can reflect tumoral angiogenesis in C6 rat brain gliomas.

Abstract:[Abstract] Objective The study is to evaluate the effects of the parity and gender of adult mice on the neurogenesis of its hippocampal dentate gyrus and its ability of learning and memory. Methods using the Morris water maze to find the differences of the learning and memory ability between the adult mice of 3 parities.To examine the effects of different mice on the neurogenesis, we labeled the adult neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus of hippocampal with BrdU. Results（1）The learning and memory ability (LMA) of 2nd parity was significantly higher than the 1st and 3rd parity（P<0.05） in the same sax mice, that is LMA2 > LMA1 > LMA3 ; besides female mice have better learning and memory ability than that of male mice, P > 0.05; (2) The number of BrdU-positive cells of 2nd parity was significantly higher than that of 1st and 3rd parity in the same sex mice, there were no significant difference（P > 0.05）; and BrdU-positive cells of the female mice is higher than the male was in trend. Conclusion There were significantly different in neurogenesis of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and learning and memory ability in adult between different parity and gender, it should be fully considered in the experiment.

Abstract:【Abstract】 Objective To establish a tree shrew model of hepatitis B virus acute infection by the injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 vector carrying 1.3 copies of HBV genome (ayw subtype)(rAAV8-1.3HBV) into the liver of tree shrews. Methods The serum and liver tissues of tree shrews were collected at indicated times after the i.v injection of rAAV8-1.3HBV. The HBsAg、HBeAg、HBsAb、HBeAb、HBcAb、ALT and HBV virus load were measured by ELISA and real-time PCR respectively. The expression of HBcAg and the pathological changes in liver were also detected after the rAAV8-1.3HBV infection. Results The HBsAg and HBeAg in serum were all positive 2 weeks after the injection and the HBcAg positive hepatocytes were even detected in the liver 55days after rAAV8-1.3HBV injection. The HBV DNA copies reached 104 -105 in liver on the day55 and could be detected in serum for over one month after rAAV8-1.3HBV infection. Mild pathological changes were observed with ALT kept rising after rAAV8-1.3HBV injection. Conclusion Acute HBV infection model in tree shrew was developed successfully by the administration of rAAV8-1.3HBV. Our study contributes to the establishment of a novel and facility animal model.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the change of cytokine(IL-6,IL-10, TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of acaques diabetes model.Methods we used STZ (30 mg/kg of body weight, intravenously,3days)to five macaques. The dynamic changes of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α in serum were measured for 19 months.The animal was sacrificed when impending death. The expression of IL-6,IL-10, TNF-α in pancreas islet, liver and kidney were observed with immunohistochemistry staining. Image analysis and statistical analysis were carried out of all the result above. Results Compared with the contents before injection IL-10 increased significantly (P<0.01)while IL-6, TNF-α reduced (P<0.05,P<0.01).The quantity of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in pancreas islet than that in control group(P<0.05). The quantity of IL-10 was significantly increased in pancreas islet than that in control group(P<0.01). The immunohistochemical reaction of TNF-α in liver significantly decreased comparedwith control group (P<0.05). Concusion The level of cytokine in experimental acaques diabetes model is mimic that of human diabetes and may be useful in assessing safety and efficacy of protective agents.

Abstract:Objective To compare advantage and disadvantage of spontaneous and testosterone-induced benign hyperplasia prostate (BPH) in dogs, and to provide better BPH model for evaluating BPH drugs. Methods 12 male adult beagle dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups, one as normal control group, the other was testosterone (T) group, and 6 old beagle dogs which selected by ultrasound detection was old dog group. After dogs of T group being castrated, all animals except the old dogs were administered 0 and 2.5 mg/(kg.d) by intramuscular injection for 4 weeks. The body weight was monitored every week, the prostate volume was measured by ultrasound detection and blood samples were collected at 24 hours before animal killed after the last treatment. The prostate was removed to measure the wet weight, water content, volume and to calculate the organ coefficient. Then the prostate were fixed in 10% formalin solution, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 4祄, stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Slides were observed under microscope and analyzed the height of prostatic epithelium(HPE) and acinar luminal area(ALA) with micro-image analysis system(MIVNT). T level, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) level, prostate specific antigen(PSA) level and prostate acid phosphatase(PAP) level in serum and prostate were assayed according to the instruction of magimuzyme kits and ELISA kits. Results ①After 4 weeks treatment, the mean body weight of dogs in three groups were smoothly increased. ②The ultrasound detection results showed that the prostate volume of animals in T group and old dog group were significantly bigger than that of normal control group (P<0.01). ③Based on anatomy results, the real prostate volume of T group and old dog group were significantly bigger than that of control (P<0.05), and the prostate volume of old dog group was bigger than that of T group. Compared with control, the prostate wet weight and organ coefficient of T group and old dog group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and both indexes of old dog group were greater than that of T group. ?According to the data of histopathology, in T group, the hyperplasia prostate showed more gland hyperplasia, especially was prostatic epithelium proliferation, while in old dog group, the hyperplasia prostate mostly contribute to prostatic mesenchyme proliferation. Further MIVNT results showed that, compared with control, the HPE was significantly increased (P<0.01) and the ALA was significantly enlarged in T group (P<0.01), while in old dog group, the HPE was also significantly increased (P<0.01) and the ALA was significantly enlarged (P<0.05), but its HPE was lower than that of T group. ⑤Compared with control, in T group, the T, DHT and PAP levels in serum were slightly increased, and T (P<0.05),DHT (P<0.01), PAP (P<0.05) and PSA levels in prostate were significantly increased; In old dog group, the T, DHT and PAP levels in serum were slightly increased, the T level in prostate was slightly increased, and the DHT, PAP and PSA levels in prostate were slightly decreased. Conclusion Both spontaneous and testosterone-induced BPH model in dogs could be used to evaluate BPH drugs, but there are some differences between these two groups.

Abstract:Objective To observe the changes of inflammatory cytokines in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Methods The CIA model was established. The body weight, volume and thickness of hind paws, arthritic index were measured; the pathological change of arthral synovial tissues was observed by HE staining with light microscope; the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on the day 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 after the first immunization. Results The inflammatory reaction was approximately appeared on the 14th day, the most seriously state on the 30th day, and then gradually decreased following the time. The concentrations of TNF-α increased on the 10th day (P<0.01), and the concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 increased on the 20th day after the first immunization (P<0.05). The peak concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were all on the 30th day (P<0.01), and then gradually decreased following the time. Conclusion TNF-α, IL-1β an IL-6 play important roles during the whole course.

Abstract:AIM: To establish a the esophageal varices model of New Zealand white rabbits, reliable small animal model for further clinical studies. METHODS: Twenty rabbits were used in the study. Esophageal varices were estalished by complete ligation of the left portal vein. RESULTS: All the rabbits who survived had developed esophageal varices that were demonstrated by endoscopy. CONCLUSION: A rabbit model of Esophageal Varices be established sueeessfully with this method.

Abstract:[Abstract] Objective To study the mechanism of polymorphism of Car2 and Gpi1 genes at single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) level. Methods Car2 and Gpi1 genes were analyzed based on DNA, cDNA and protein polypeptide. Results For Car2, three SNPs were observed between the two haplotypes in the genome DNA and cDNA, which were C(T), G(C) of exon 2 and A(G) of exon 7. And for the protein polypeptide the interchange of Gln/His at position 38 were detected, corresponding to G（C）of exon 2. For Gpi1, T(C) of exon 9 and A(G) of exon 18 were observed between the two haplotypes in cDNA. For the protein polypeptide Phe/Leu at position 247 was detected, corresponding to T(C) of exon 9. And none was detected in the genome DNA. Conclusion The interchanges of Gln/His at position 38 and Phe/Leu at position 247 might provide the basis for Car2a/b and Gpi1a/b haplotypes respectively.

Abstract:【Abstract】 objective To investigate the antidepressant like effect of DS-1226 on the chronic restraint rats and provide experimental data for the research of anti-depressant drugs. Methods 90 rats randomly divided into control group, model group, 3 treated group (18.75mg/kg,37.5mg/kg, 75mg/kg of DS-1226）, and 100mg/kg of citalopram group. 7 days after DS-1226 and citalopram were administrated orally, rats were restraint 14 hours per day for 28 days consecutively. Sucrose Preference, Open-field test, Novel object test and body weight measuring were used to evaluate the antidepressant like effect of DS-1226 on the chronic restraint rats. All the rats were sacrificed to measure the cortisone levels in serum at 32th day. Results The sucrose consumption（%）, explore behavior , spontaneous activity and the body weight of model rats were significantly reduced and cortisone levels in serum was increased . However, 37.5mg/kg ,75mg/kg DS-1226 and citalopram can increase sucrose consumption（%）, nose pokes(n), nose poke time(s), spontaneous activity especially the movement in centre area as well as body weight, and reduce latent time(s),cortisone levels in serum of chronic restraint rats. Conclusions DS-1226 showed the antidepressant like effect on the chronic restraint rats, which maybe used as antidepressant agents after further research. 【Key words】DS-1226 ; chronic restraint ; depression ; rats.

Abstract:【Abstract】 Objective To reproduce a simple mice model of burn with infection for the study of prevention and treatment of infected wound. Method Self-made wood burn board and boiling water was used to reproduce burn injury ( with diameter of 8 mm) on both sides of the back in 30 Balb/C mice for different duration (5s, 10s, 15s with 10 mice each). 48 h post bum, the wounds were used for histological observation to determine the depth of injury. Deep II degree scald on the back in another 72 mice was made. Immediately after bum，20 ul of liquid containing 1?06, l?07 and 1?08 CFU/mL Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was respectively inoculated to the wounds (with 24 rats for each amount) with scraping method. Inflammatory reaction of wounds was examined with HE staining on 72 h post inoculation day for screening the best inoculation concentration. On 3, 7 and 14 day post inoculation day，the number of subeschar bacteria was respectively counted.at last, the best condition was chose to establish animal model. The time of wound healing was recorded and pathological examination with HE staining was observed at the 7th and 14th day after injuring to determine whether the wound infection model establishment successfully. Result Bum for 10 s was identified as injury time resulting in Deep II degree scald according to histological. l?08 CFU/ml was chose as best inoculation concentration. The bacteria isolated from wounds was identified as Staphylococcus aureus．The subeschar bacteria count within 14 day post injury was was more thanl?05 CFU/g of tissue. Compared with the control group, infected group showed a longer time (from 15.92?.34 d to 21?.95 d) of wound healing (P<0.01).Obvious inflammatory cell infiltration was observed with poor patient prognosis. Conclusion In mice，the wound infection model was establised successfully as a reliable model for the study of infection of burn wound．

Abstract:Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Sudan Red on blood and tissue organ of the mice. Methods The mice were intraperitoneally injected for 12 consecutive days at different doses of Sudan red I, II, III and IV (0, 40, 80, 160mg/kg). Blood samples from the mice were collected after 24 hour of the last administration, and blood routine detection were assayed by blood cell analyzer. The blood clotting time was determinate by capillary method and tissue organ coefficient was calculated by weighing separation organ from the mice. Results The counts of red blood cells in Sudan red I and II group were significantly reduced and not obvious in Sudan red III and IV group. Compared between different doses of Sudan Red, there were obvious changes in the counts of blood red cells compared low dose and high dose Sudan I and II groups with Sudan III and IV groups. Blood hemoglobin contents in Sudan I and II groups were significantly reduced and did not change in Sudan III and IV groups. There was a reduced in the counts of blood platelets of different doses of four Sudan Reds, and blood coagulation time was extended with the increased dose of Sudan red. Blood leukocyte counts were significantly increased in Sudan I and II groups compared with the control group as the dose of Sudan red was increased. White blood cell counts showed an increasing trend in Sudan III and IV, but the difference between two groups was not significant. Compared with the control group, blood leukocyte count was significantly increased, lymphocytes and monocytes significantly reduced. With increasing dose of Sudan mice there were an significant increase in kidney and spleen coefficients compared with the control group, the liver organ coefficient did not change significant. Conclusion The results show that Sudan Reds have to a varying degree impact on mouse blood cells, hemoglobin, platelets and clotting time, and tissue organs.

Abstract:Abstract:Objective To establish and identify the VSC4.1 cell line that stable-expressing hSOD1G93A. Methods The pCI-neo-Vector, pCI-neo/WT-SOD1 and pCI-neo/G93A-SOD1 was transfected into VSC4.1 cell by activated-dendrimer structure，the stably transfected cells were screened by G418. The expression of hSOD1 in VSC4.1 cell was detected by Western Blotting. The growth of the cell line we established was assessed by MTT assay. Results Both VSC4.1-hSOD1WT and VSC4.1-hSOD1G93A expressed hSOD1 according to the result detected by Western Blotting, and the VSC4.1-mock did not express that at all. The viability of VSC4.1-hSOD1G93A was lower than VSC4.1-mock (P =0.031, P =0.000） and VSC4.1-hSOD1WT（P =0.001, P =0.000） at 48h, 72h;there was no significant difference at other time points (P >0.05). Conclusion The VSC4.1 cell line stable-expressing hSOD1WT and hSOD1G93A was established，and it could be the foundation of the exploration for therapy and pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Abstract:[Abstract] Objective To studies on Correlation between chemical media sensitivity of guinea pig tracheal Smooth Muscle and phenotype of feature. Methods Select 36 guinea pigs in according to difference of features which includes coat color, eye color and gender. By phenotype the animals are divided into 6 groups, white coat color and black eye and female-group (WBEF), white coat color and black eye and male group (WBEM), white coat color and red eye and female group (WREF), white coat color and red eye and male group(WREM), variegated coat color and black eye and female group(VBEF), variegated coat color and black eye and male group(VBEM), only 6 animals in each group. By method of spiral cutting with knife blade to prepare isolated Guinea pig trachea spiral strip, which is incubated in Kreb's liquid for 2 hours tension balance, Trachea spiral strip contraction is caused while histamine concentrations in bath is 2.0x10-3g•L-1 or acetylcholine concentrations in bath is 2.0x10-4g•L-1. Using BL420 biological signal acquisition system and tension sensor for measuring tension variation values, which is applied for analysis correlation between contraction of tracheal spiral strip induced by histamine or acetylcholine and difference of guinea pig’eye color, coat color, gender. SPSS11.5 soft ware is used to analyzing Data in a=0.05 reliability. Results Guinea Pig coat color and eye color phenotype have significant impact on the chemical medium sensitivity of the tracheal smooth muscle, P＜0.05,diffence has statistic significance, Phenotype of white coat color is higher than phenotype of mixed coat color and phenotype of red eye is higher than phenotype of black eye on chemical medium sensitivity of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle. Phenotype of gender has no significant effect on chemical medium sensitivity. Conclusion Tracheal smooth muscle sensitivity to chemical media and phenotype of coat color or eye color have significant correlation, phenotype of gender has no significant correlation. Animal Models of asthma should be preferred to white eye phenotype of guinea pigs.

Abstract:Objective In order to discover the superiority of Chinese two-end-black pigs in Xenotransplantation, this study used DNA and RNA methods to identify gag, pol and env genes of PERV in five Chinese two-end-black pig breeds (Tongcheng pig, Dongshan pig, Ganxi two-end-black pig, Shaziling pig and Jinhua pig) and three western breeds (Yorkshire, Landrace and Duroc). Methods Detected the existence of gag, pol and env-A, B, and C genes of PERV by PCR, and the expression level of gag, pol and env gene of PERV in nine tissues of Tongcheng and Yorkshire pigs by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results In four two-end-black pigs of central China, env-AB gene subtybe was the major subtype of PERV, whose positive rates were from 92% to 100%. Env-C gene subtype wasn’t identified in all these four breeds, but was in Jinhua and western breeds. Gag and pol genes expressed in nine tissues of all. In Tongcheng pigs, expressions of env-A in heart, liver, lungs, adipose and lymph were much lower than other tissues, while the expressions of env-B were much lower in heart and lymph. In Yorkshire, env-A was equally expressed in all nine tissues while expression of env-B was lower in kidney. Conclusions The results indicate that four two-end-black pigs of central China have great potential value in xenotransplantation.