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GAO Jian-ping , LI Wan-sheng , ZENG Shuang , FANG Yong-xiang , FENG Hai-yan , YANG Xiao-pu , JING Zhi-zhong
2014, 22(6):1-8. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.001
Abstract:Objective To analyze the complexity of molecular structure in porcine T cell receptor gene and its similarity compared to humans. Method Based on the gene of porcine T cell receptor alpha chain (TCRα) from the GenBank database, 93 swine T cell receptor alpha chain genes (STA) were cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes, lymph nodes and spleen. Result Sequence analysis showed that STA genes all contain a domain of variable signal peptide and V, hypervariable J and conservative C. However, nucleotide sequence of STA was not completely identical with only 68.4% to 98.7% homology among genes, and had extremely sophisticated polymorphism and diversity. This was accord with the genetic structure of TCRα chain. Molecular structure, genetic evolution and classification of these genes were carried out according to the homology of TCRα gene, which all have several sites and zones of mutation on the domain of signal peptide, FR1 and CDR1, FR2 and CDR2, FR3 and CDR3. Analysis of similarity and classification of TCRα V domain(STAV)and J domain (STAJ) of Hezuo minipig using IMGT/V-QUEST tools compared with those of humans found the genetic evolution relationship that was closer, and each of TRAV and TRAJ also found to have a corresponding fragment of humans, ever in 92% of similarity of TRAV between swine and humans. Conclusion Our results indicate that inbred Hezuo minipig possesses genetic diversity against complicated environment of microbes in healthy status, and Hezuo minipig is suitable as an animal model for research on human immunology and diseases.
WANG Pei , HUO Jin-long , WANG Shu-yan , PAN Wei-rong , ZHA Xing-qin , SHI Chen , ZENG Yang-zhi
2014, 22(6):9-16. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.002
Abstract:Objective To get TDRP1 gene of sterile and fertile boar of the Banna minipig inbred line (BMI), predict its function by bioinformatics analysis, and detect its expression patterns in the fertile boar. Methods Based on the NM_001198925 sequence, we designed specific primers and amplified BMI TDRP1 using RT-PCR method for sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Meanwhile, the expression of TDRP1 in 17 organ tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, thymus, lymph nodes, skin, duodenum, stomach, cerebrum, cerebellum,testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate, and bulbourethral gland) of fertile BMI boar and in the testis of sterile and fertile BMI boars was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results The experiment obtained 680 bp cDNA sequence (GenBank accession number: KJ186786) of BMI TDRP1, which encodes a protein of 186 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight (Mw) of 20.49 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) 5.86, and no signal peptide. It was a nuclear protein with a probability of 94.1% and had a leucine-rich nuclear export signals. Homology analysis of protein sequences revealed that BMI TDRP1 showed high identity with that of humans, macaca mulatta, mouse and rat. The RT-PCR analysis showed that TDRP1 had a similar expression in the testes of sterile and fertile BMI boars. It was highly abundant in the seminal vesicle and prostate, moderately expressed in cerebellum and testis and weakly expressed in cerebrum and kidney, while undetected in other 11 organ tissues. Conclusions We have cloned TDRP1 complete coding sequence, and found 2 SNPs,showing no difference in sequences and the testis mRNA expression levels between the fertile and sterile BMI boars. The multi-tissue transcription profile shows different expression levels in different organ tissues, being high in the seminal vesicle and prostate. The results of this study provide a foundation for further insight into the role of this gene in spermatogenesis.
DENG Lu-lu , LI Qin , WU Hui , MAO Jian-wen , XU Bin
2014, 22(6):17-21. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.003
Abstract:Objective To establish a CLCN3/MMTV-PyMT double transgenic mouse model of spontaneous breast tumor with simultaneously overexpressing ClC-3. Method CLCN3 transgenic mice were crossed with MMTV-PyMT spontaneous mammary tumor model mice. The genotype was determined by PCR. The expression of ClC-3 in tissues was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results CLCN3 and MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice were bred and CLCN3/MMTV-PyMT hybrid mouse model was successfully established. The ClC-3 expression in CLCN3/MMTV-PyMT hybrid mice was higher than that in the MMTV-PyMT mice, assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Conclusions Transgenic mouse models of spontaneous breast cancer with simultaneously overexpressing ClC-3 are successfully established. The double transgenic mice provide a good animal model for further research of ClC-3 in tumor growth and metastasis.
QIN Bo-yin , ZHANG Xiao-nan , YANG Hua , ZHOU Wen-jiang , ZHOU Xiao-hui
2014, 22(6):22-27. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.004
Abstract:Objective To establish an in vivo imaging method of normal or tumorous liver in mice by using a new type nanoparticle contrast agent, ExiTron nano 12000, coupled with micro-CT imaging. Methods Six 6-8-week old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into group A and group group B, by intravenous injection of 50 μL and 100 μL ExiTron nano 12000, respectively. In vivo Micro-CT scans were performed before contrast agent injection, 3 minutes, 24 hours, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after injection. To determine which dose is suitable for long-term studies, gray scale value analysis was performed on selected region of interest (ROI) in the left lobe and right anterior lobe of the liver, and the changes of liver tissue contrast was monitored after ExiTron nano 12000 injection. Three male HBV transgenic mice bearing liver tumors (group C) were intravenously injected with the determined dose of ExiTron nano 12000 and were monitored by micro-CT scans as above described. At 56 days after ExiTron nano 12000 injection, the mice were sacrificed and liver samples were taken for histological analysis. Results Cross-sectional images taken at various time points and the average gray scale value (AGSV) analysis in the mouse liver revealed that the AGSV peaked at 24 hours after injection of contrast reagent and good contrast still presented in the livers within 56 days of observation for both groups, though group B showed a significantly higher contrast than group A (P<0.01). Those data indicated that the dose of group B (100 μL) was better to maintain ExiTron nano 12000 in the liver of mice for a long time. Contrast-enhanced by 100 μL of ExiTron nano 12000, the liver tumor nodules in the mice of group C could be clearly delineated by Micro CT imaging during a 56 days observation. Histological analysis revealed atypical hyperplasia, enlarged nuclei with hyperchromasia and cell necrosis in the tumors. Conclusions An in vivo imaging method was established to non-invasively visualize mouse liver using micro-CT combined with nanoparticle-based contrast agent and this technology may be applied to a live imaging of murine primary liver tumors.
WANG Qian , CHEN Yang-mei , Guo Jing , YANG Xiao-lan , XIE Yun-lan
2014, 22(6):28-33. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.005
Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression of microRNA-134 (miR-134), CREB and pCREB in the temporal lobe tissue of patients and epileptic rats and to explore their roles in pathogenesis of epilepsy. Methods Temporal lobe tissue samples of 14 patients with refractory epilepsy and 10 non-epileptic patients, and hippocampus and brain tissue samples of 42 rats were used in this study. Forty-two healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 epilepsy groups (24 h, 72 h, 7 d, 14 d, 30 d, and 60 d after kindling epilepsy) and a normal control group (n=6 for all groups). The rat model of epilepsy was generated by intraperitoneal injection of 127 mg/kg lithium chloride and 16-20 h later, 35 mg/kg pilocarpine. In the temporal lobe tissue of patients and hippocampal tissue of rats, the expression level of miR-134 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of CREB and pCREB were determined by Western blot, and CREB and pCREB localization was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the control rats, the expression of miR-134 was significantly decreased in the temporal lobe tissue of experimental rats at 72 h,7 d,14 d, 60 d after kindling (P<0.05),and no significant change at 24 h and 30 d after kindling (P>0.05). Expression of miR-134 in patients with refractory epilepsy was significantly lower than that of the controls (P<0.05), while up-regulation of CREB expression was at the same time points (P<0.05). Up-regulation of pCREB expression was at all the time points after kindling (P<0.05). CREB and p-CREB expressions were seen in the nuclei of neurons, and significantly higher in patients with refractory epilepsy and epileptic rats. Conclusions The expression of miR-134 is significantly decreased and that of CREB and pCREB was significantly increased in the temporal lobe tissue of patients with refractory epilepsy and the hippocampal tissue of epileptic rats. These findings indicate that the signaling pathway of miR-134/CREB/pCREB may play an important role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.
YU Shu-zhen , FENG Chong , SHI Ning-ning , SONG Xiao-feng , PAN Deng-ke
2014, 22(6):34-39. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.006
Abstract:Objective Getting the robust exogenous gene expression vector under the control of porcine insulin promoter, and to lay the foundation for pancreatic β-cells specific transgene expressing pigs. Method Using porcine insulin promoter (PIP, 1500 bp of the 5'UTR from the porcine INS gene including the first exon and the first intron) to construct expression vector, the HindIII restriction site which connected the sequences of PIP and EGFP was designed before ATG, named PIP-HindIII-EGFP. Considering that the different location of restriction site may affect the expression efficiency of the transgene, we optimized the expression vector. Firstly the HindIII restriction site was deleted to realize the seamless connection of PIP and EGFP,the vector was named PIP-EGFP.Also we mutated the 3'intron splicing acceptor site(SA)of the first intron into HindIII restriction site, named as PIP-SA(M)-EGFP. Three different EGFP expression vectors were respectively transfected MIN-6 mouse pancreatic β-cells, pig ear fibroblasts and kidney cells. The transfected cells were cultured for 48 h and harvested for RT-PCR, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis, to analyze and compare the expression efficiency of vectors. Results After transfection,green fluorescence was observed only in MIN-6 mouse pancreatic β-cells. RT-PCR analysis and product sequencing showed that the three expression vectors did have different stability with intron splicing. The PIP-HindIII-EGFP construct and PIP-EGFP vector produced two kinds of mRNA with the first intron spliced and no spliced, indicating the instability of intron splicing. Mutation of the PIP splice site would cause the first intron not spliced, while flow cytometry and Western blot displayed that the mutation induced a most efficient expression of the downstream gene. Conclusions A robust and specific β-cells expression vector has been successfully generated by mutating the intron splicing acceptor site of the porcine insulin promoter. It provides the foundation for preparation of pigs with pancreatic β-cells specifically expressing the transgene.
WANG Dong-ping , CUI Xiao-xia , SHANG Shi-chen , CHEN Yi , ZHANG Xiao-fei , CHEN Zhen-wen , WANG Quan-xin , HUANG Bin , SHANG Yu-pu , LI Gui-jun
2014, 22(6):40-42. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.007
Abstract:Objective To establish the genetic and biochemical loci in Mesocricetus auratus and its albino muatant. Methods Protein isozyme cellulose acetate electrophoresis was used to determine the genetic and biochemical loci in Mesocricetus auratus and its albino mutant, using the genetic and biochemical loci of mice and rats. Results 25 biochemical markers of Mesocricetus auratus and albino mutant were established, and polymorphism of their genetic biochemical loci was analyzed. Conclusions Polymorphism of biochemical loci is present in Mesocricetus auratus. Some differences exist between the genetic biochemical loci of Mesocricetus auratus and their albino mutant.These results laid the foundation for further study on genetic mechanism of albino mutation in Mesocricetus auratus.
DU Li-dong , WU Guo-tai , LIU Fen-lin , JING Qi , LIU Wu-zhou , REN Yuan
2014, 22(6):43-48. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.008
Abstract:Objective The aim of this study was to establish a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome. Methods Thirty healthy adult SD rats (mele:female=1:1) were divided into normal control group, model group, and positive control group (pinaverium bromide tablets 15.0 mg/ kg) for 31 days. Body weight, appetite, defecation, voluntary movement of all the rats were determined. The rates of gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion rate were measured. The serum 5-HT and plasma SP and VIP or 5-HT, SP, VIP in colon homogenates were assessed by radioimmunoassay. Blood biochemical parameters were measured with an automatic biochemical analyzer. The gastric and intestinal morphology was evaluated by histological examination. Results After modeling, the rat weight and food intake were decreased, ad stool quantity was increased. The voluntary movement and gastric emptying rates were decreased, intestinal propulsion rates were increased, and the contents of SP and VIP in blood were decreased, but increased in the colonic homogenate (P<0.05, P<0.01). After treatment, the food intake was increased and stool quantity was decreased, the rat body weight was significantly increased, the amount of voluntary movement and stool returned near to normal, the 5-HT levels in serum or in colonic homogenate were significantly decreased, but plasma VIP levels were markedly increased, and the SP and VIP contents were significantly decreased in colonic homogenate in the positive control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Hematology indexes had no obvious changes. The gastric and colonic tissue morphology showed no distinct damages caused by the diverse stimulating factors. Conclusions The stimulation of composite factors can be used to successfully generate the rat model of irritable bowel syndrome, showing similar clinical manifestation of this disease in humans.
SUI Xiao-long , LIANG Liang , ZHANG Ling , ZHU Hua , XU Yan-feng , HUANG Lan , XU Yu-huan , Han Yun-lin , YAO Zhi-gang , QIN Chuan , DENG Wei
2014, 22(6):49-53. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.009
Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of a Chinese traditional prescription PN-1 on the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Methods Eighty 5-month old transgenic mice were randomly divided into vehicle group, PN-1 low (0.6 g/kg), medium (1.2 g/kg) and high (2.4 g/kg) dose groups. Both the wild-type littermates and model group with distilled water administration were chosen as control groups. Sixteen mice (8 males and 8 females) in each group were given intragastrically PN-1 or distilled water once a day for 4 months. After the drug administration, immunohistochemistry, ELISA and Western blot were performed to measure the products of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the associated enzymes (ADAM10 and BACE1). Results Compared with the control group, β-CTF (C99), α-CTF (C83), sAPPα, sAPPβ, ADAM10 and BACE1 were significantly decreased in the low, medium and high dose groups (P<0.01). Conclusions PN-1 alleviates cognitive deficits in an Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse model through influencing the processing of APP.
LIU Fang , YANG Hua , ZHOU Wen-jiang , ZHOU Xiao-hui
2014, 22(6):54-59,74. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.010
Abstract:Object To establish an induced mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and compare it with db/db mouse model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes. To evaluate the two mouse models objectively, and provide an experimental basis for the choice of animal model and its practical application in diabetes studies. Methods A mouse model of induced type 2 diabetes was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice with high-fat and high-sugar diet for four weeks and taking daily intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ) for consecutive 3 days. Four weeks after infection, the gross appearance of kidney and liver of the mice was assessed, glucose tolerance was tested, serum biochemical indices and expression of serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-10 were assayed, and were compared with those of the db/db mouse models of spontaneous type 2 diabetes. Results Obvious differences were found in the kidneys and liver gross appearance of the two types of mouse models and the control group. Both the two groups showed significant differences in the blood glucose levels at each time point (P<0.05) and low glucose tolerance function, but there were no significant differences in blood glucose levels of the two types of mouse models. Compared with the control group, the serum biochemical indices GLU, GHOL and LDLC of the two types of mouse models were significantly increased (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the blood lipid level of the mouse model of induced type 2 diabetes was higher than that of the db/db mouse models of spontaneous type 2 diabetes. In comparison of immune indices, except IL-2,the serum cytokine levels of the two types of mouse models were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the serum cytokine levels of db/db mice were higher than those in the mouse models of induced type 2 diabetes, and the IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α also had obvious differences. Conclusions Both the two types of mouse models of type 2 diabetes successfully simulate the human diabetes to some extent, but there are still certain differences according to different etiology of diabetes. We would suggest that people may take our data as reference and chose appropriate mouse models according to the requirement of their research.
FAN Ji-shan , LIU Dan-ning , HE Cui-yao , LI Xiao-hui
2014, 22(6):60-65. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.011
Abstract:Objective To establish a novel atherosclerosis model by inflammation in rats and investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of Rb1. Methods Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, namely the control group, model group (using zymosan A to induce inflammation) and Rb1-treated group (12 rats in each group). The rats were administered liquid paraffin (i.p.), zymosan A (20 mg/kg, i.p., once every 4 days) or zymosan A and Rb1 (40 mg/kg, i.p., once daily), respectively. All animals were fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks. At scheduled time points, pathological changes in the aorta were observed using Sudan IV staining and transmission electron microscopy. White blood cell count was used to assess the inflammation. The expression of NFκB, TNFα, IL6 was evaluated by real time PCR, immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. Results Typical atherosclerotic changes such as fatty streaks, plaque, foam cells in the rats following zymosan A induction were alleviated by Rb1 treatment. In the Rb1-treated group, there was a markedly decreased expression of NFκB, TNFα, and IL6. Conclusion The model of atherosclerosis can be established by inflammation based on high-fat diet in rats. Rb1 inhibits atherosclerosis through anti-inflammatory effect.
GU Chong-gao , ZHANG Yong-hong , BAI Ruo-yu , TIAN Mei-jie , SHEN Hong
2014, 22(6):66-74. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.012
Abstract:Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of polypeptide extracts of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker (ESW) against oxidative aging. Methods Mice were intraperitoneally injected D-galactose for consecutive 20 days to establish an aging mouse model. The model mice were administered with different doses of ESW polypeptide (0, 40, 80, 160 mg/kg/d). The normal activity, movement and anti-stress ability of the mice were observed. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in blood and different tissues and the content of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of the aging mice were assessed by xanthin oxidase activity measurement and spectrophotometry, respectively. The expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in Caco-2 cells was detected by immunofluorescence. Results Comparing the control and polypeptide groups, there were significant decreases of body weight gain, organ indexes, anti-stress ability and activity capacity, the activity of SOD, CAT, GSH-PX and the content of GSH, and an increase of the content of MDA in blood and different tissues in the aging mice. With the increasing dose of polypeptide extracts of ESW, the body weight gain, organ indexes of the liver, spleen and kidney were significantly increased, the static and dynamic exercise time was prolonged in the polypeptide group, and their abilities of hypoxia tolerance and heat tolerance were close to that of normal controls. The SOD, CAT, GSH-PX activity and GSH level in blood and different tissues were significantly increased, but MDA content decreased. The expression of Nrf2 in Caco-2 cell nuclei was significantly increased in the polypeptide group, close to that of the positive control group. Conclusions The results of our study show that polypeptide extracts of ESW improve the anti-stress and antioxidative capacity in D-galactose-induced mouse models of oxidative aging by initiating Nrf2-ARE antioxidant signaling pathway, therefore, delay the oxidative aging in mice.
CHEN Ying , ZHU Ping-mei , LIU Qiao-ling , PAN Hua , ZHOU Guang-xing
2014, 22(6):75-80. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.013
Abstract:Objective To compare and explore the morphological characteristics of mast cells in different tissues of 6 types of common laboratory animals. Methods Ten healthy adult SPF Kunming mice, 10 SD rats, 10 Hartley guinea pigs, 10 New Zealand rabbits, 6 beagle dogs and 6 Macaca mulata (male:female=1:1, for all) were used in this study. The animals were sacrificed by euthanasia, samples of the skin, lung, spleen and sigmoid colon were taken from mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, dog and monkey, and fixed in formalin and Bouin's solution. Paraffin sections were stained with toluidine blue and Alcian blue-safranin O, respectively. The mouse skin and dog spleen were immunohistochemically stained for substance P. A color pathological image analysis system was used to conduct the analysis of morphometric parameters of mast cells. Samples of the skin of these animals were also fixed in glutaraldehyde for the electron microscopic observation and comparison of the mast cells.Results Mast cells in different types of animals were distinctive in distribution, morphology, size, metachromasia and staining properties. Density and morphometric parameters of the mast cells had significant differences among the 6 types of animals (P<0.05). Characteristic granules were contained in the skin mast cells of guinea pig, dog and monkey. Mast cells in the mouse skin, dog spleen and nerves in the mouse skin showed immunoreactive substance P.Conclusions Mast cells in the 6 types of laboratory animals showed histochemical and morphological heterogeneity, which have important reference values in animal experimental research on mast cell function.
PANG Rong-qing , LI Zi-an , RUAN Guang-ping , HE Jie , WANG Qiang , WANG Jin-xiang , PAN Xing-hua , ZHANG Cheng , ZHANG Yong-yun , ZHANG Xiao-fei
2014, 22(6):81-84. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.014
Abstract:Objective To establish a method of identification of DKO mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and to assess the dystrophin regeneration after stem cell transplantation. Methods Heterozygous mice were mated and the resulting offspring were used to identify their genotype by SSP-PCR. The plasma creatine kinase level was measured by biochemical analyzer and histological changes in the DKO mice were analyzed using HE staining. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were prepared and injected into the DKO mice hindlimb muscle, and dystrophin expression was detected by immunofluorescence staining at 2 months after injection. Results Mating of heterozygous mice generated three kinds of genotype offsprings, and 21.2% of the offsprings were identified as DKO genotype (285 bp). DKO mice showed dystrophic symptoms, their plasma creatine kinase level was as high as 16988.52±617.48 IU/L, and significant histological changes including diverse myocyte sizes, numerous centrally nucleated cells and connective tissue proliferation or inflammatory cells infiltration. Human dystrophin expression was detected in the DKO mouse hindlimb muscle at two months after injection of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusion DKO mouse genotype can be identified by SSP-PCR, and DKO mouse is an ideal animal model for studies of stem cell therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
LIANG De , TANG Jing-jing , JIANG Xiao-bing , YAO Zhen-song , ZHANG Shun-cong , YANG Zhi-dong , WEI Qiu-shi , CHUI Jian-chao , REN Hui , SHEN Geng-yang , LIN Shun-xing
2014, 22(6):85-88. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.015
Abstract:Objective To compare the effects of gastric gavage and intramuscular injection of prednisone on the bone mineral density, skeletal biomechanical properties and bone metabolism in rats. Methods A total of 45 SPF rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group, intragastric administration group, and intramuscular injection group. The normal group, as a control group, was administrated with normal saline 2 mL per day, both the intragastric administration group and i.m. injection group received prednisone 0.5 mg/(kg.d) for 12 weeks. All rats were examined for bone mineral density (BMD) and the level of serum β-CTX and PINP. The femoral cortical biomechanical properties (elastic load, maximal load, rupturing load) were measured by three point bending test. Results After 12 weeks, compared with the normal group, BMD and elastic load, maximal load, and rupturing load of the femur were significantly decreased. Compared with the intragastric gavage group, BMD was significantly decreased, while the elastic load, maximal load, and rupturing load of the femur were not significantly changed in the i.m. injection group (P<0.05 for all). Compared with the normal group, the level of serum β-CTX was significantly raised (P<0.05) and the level of serum PINP was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the intragastric gavage group, the level of serum β-CTX was also significantly raised (P<0.05), the level of serum PINP was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the bone trabecula and hemopoietic tissue were obviously decreased, while the adipose tissue increased obviously. Conclusions Both intragastric gavage and intramuscular injection of prednisone affect the level of BMD, skeletal biomechanical properties and bone metabolism. However, i.m. injection of prednisone decreases the BMD and bone strength more significantly, leading to a higher bone turnover with increased bone resorption, and leads to osteoporosis earlier. Our results may suggest that oral administration of prednisone is more safe in clinical treatment.
LU Jing , LI Meng , CHEN Bai-an , SUN Quan , ZHAI Ya-nan , WANG Jing-jing , MENG Xia , ZHENG Shi-jun
2014, 22(6):89-92. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.016
Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of restraint stress on liver injury in mice induced by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (D+L).Methods Normal BALB/c (B/c) mice were randomly divided into normal control, stress control, D+L group, and D+L+stress group. The mice of normal control group were bred routinely. The stress group was given stress regularly and quantitatively. Mice in the D+L group were injected intraperitoneally with mixed solution of D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide at final concentration of 30 mg/mL and 2 μg/mL, respectively, once every two days. The D+L+stress group was given equal stress as stress group after injection of D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide mixed solution. Eight weeks later, blood samples were collected to test serum aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), liver tissue samples from all animals were collected to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis by HE and Masson staining. Results At the 8th week, the ALT and AST values in the D+L+stress group were significantly reduced(P<0.01)and AST/ALT value was significantly increased(P<0.01)compared with that in the D+L group. For HE and Masson staining, disordered structure of hepatic lobules, nodular hyperplasia, and necrosis of epithelial cells were present in animals of the D+L group. However, no obvious pathological changes were observewd in the D+L+stress group. For fibrosis scores, the fibrosis grade in the D+L+stress group was significantly decreased than that of the D+L group (P<0.05). Conclusions Constraint stress presents protective effect on D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide induced liver injury in mice.
LI Kuo-yu , PAN Lu-yuan , SUN Yong-hua
2014, 22(6):93-98,105. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.017
Abstract:Zebrafish is a relatively new and booming vertebrate animal model. Over the past three decades, zebrafish has been applied in various aspects of life science, as well as health sciences, environmental studies and aquaculture research. To meet the requirement for different research purposes, large amounts of zebrafish resources, including mutant and transgenic lines, have been developed with different techniques. All of these resources need well and careful collection and maintenance, therefore several zebrafish resource facilities have been built worldwide. As one of them, the China Zebrafish Resource Center (CZRC, http://zfish.cn) was founded in 2012. This review is trying to introduce the development and maintenance of zebrafish scientific resources, and the updated progress of CZRC.
HE Jia-ling , LIU Jing , WANG Tian-qi , BAO Guo , ZHANG Chang-yong , SUN Xi-zhen , SUN De-ming
2014, 22(6):99-102. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.018
Abstract:At present, zebrafish has played an increasingly important role in models for human development and diseases and several areas of life sciences. As a newly laboratory animal resource, standardization research has become the technical bottleneck to be solved and an inevitable trend. In this review, we summarized the research history and characteristics of zebrafish and the status of quality standardization. We also discussed the main problem facing by the standardization research of zebrafish as a newly laboratory animal. We hope that the data can provide useful reference for the development of zebrafish quality standardization research.
ZHOU Zhi-jun , SU Zhi-jie , YU Yuan-jing
2014, 22(6):103-105. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.019
Abstract:The principle, basis, necessity and significance of formulating the local standard of Microtu fortis as a laboratory animal were described in this paper, and the standard was compared with the relationship between this standard of Microtu fortis as laboratory animal and the existing laws, regulations of other standards of laboratory animals. The specific procedures and the degree of adoption of domestic standards and advanced foreign standards were introduced. Furthermore, the proposal and the reasons of recommendatory standards were presented.
LI Chang-long , DU Xiao-yan , CHEN Zhen-wen
2014, 22(6):106-109,113. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.020
Abstract:Mongolian gerbil is a multifunctional laboratory anima1 resource with Chinese characteristics. It has many advantages for some research fields, and play an important role. The more biological characteristics of Mongolian gerbils discovered with in-depth research will promote diverse application of this resoure. In this paper, we reviewed the development of application of Mongolian gerbils in taxonomy, parasitology, microbiology, cerebral ischemia, lipid metabolism, neurological diseases, and cancer researches.
YANG Bo-chao , XIAO Chong , MA Xi-shan , LIU Yun-bo
2014, 22(6):110-113. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2014.06.021
Abstract:Chinchilla has been successfully used as an animal model in the study of auditory system, microorganism and parasitic infection, because of its unique biological features, and it can be further developed for the research of senile diseases, metabolic diseases, etc. This paper will introduce the related biological characteristics of chinchilla, and briefly reviewed the progress of its application in medical research.