Abstract:Objective In our previous study, we had generated various zebrafish mutant lines with tissue-specific GFP expression by Tol2 transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis.Among these mutants,the Tol2:20141221t line expresses GFP in nervous system, while the position within zebrafish genome where transposon inserted has not yet been identified. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze this genetically modified mutant.Methods The transgenic insertion loci in the genome of Tol2:20141221t line was identified by TAIL-PCR and the spatial and temporal expression profile of the affected gene was examined by in situ hybridization.Homozygous mutant of Tol2:20141221t was generated for exploring related developmental defects. Results Tol2 transposon was inserted into the 8th intron region of sat1.a gene, and induced premature transcription termination.The maternal and zygotic mutants of Tol2:20141221t was generated, while without apparent developmental defects. Conclusions We have generated and identified the zebrafish sat1.a mutant mediated by Tol2 transposon.This gene insertion mutant exhibits no obvious developmental abnormalities, but may serve as a powerful tool to study the development of nervous system.

Abstract:Objective To establish a Juema minipig model of myocardial infarction, to evaluate the clinical indices in the model pigs, and to explore the relationship between gene expression and metabolic decompensation. Methods 13 male Juema minipigs were randomly divided into control (Sham, n=5), myocardial infarction (MI, n=5) and normal control (for evaluating the recovery condition after surgery, n=3) groups. In the MI group, the ligation was done at the left descending coronary artery around the 1/3 distance to heart apex. Four weeks after the surgery, the cardiac function and serum biochemistry was analyzed. The histological changes and gene expression profiles in the myocardium in the peri-infarct area were exanimated. Results Ultrasonic images showed that the infarction was formed, the ejection fraction and fraction shortening were significantly reduced in the MI group (~32% and ~40% less than those of the sham group). Histological examination showed that myocardial fibers at the peri-infarct area were broken, dissolved, and there was connective tissue hyperplasia with increased neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration. Microarray analysis revealed that two myocardial remodeling and pathology mediating pathways, three inflammation-related pathways, and 8 metabolic pathways (including fatty acid, amino acid, and glucose metabolic pathways) were significantly changed. Conclusions We have successfully established a Juema minipig model of myocardial infarction. The less branches of the left descending coronary artery allow us to establish a stable model by surgery with comparable characteristics in the clinic indices. The results of this study provides useful reference characteristics of an animal model with characteristic changes in the peri-infarct area.

Abstract:Objective To determine the target recognition ability of the near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) heptamethine cyanine dye in mouse models of orthotopically transplanted gastric carcinoma with optical imaging. Methods The orthotopically transplanted model of gastric carcinoma was established by implantation of luciferase-tagged-HepG2 cells into the stomach in nude mice, and gastric ulcer model was induced by absolute ethanol. Both bioluminescence (BIL) signal and NIRF signal in those two animal models were observed with optical imaging respectively, and the absorption of NIRF dye in gastric carcinoma tissues was determined. We further explored the effect of hypoxia and OATP on the absorption of the NIRF dye in gastric carcinoma tissues. The specific targeting ability of NIRF dye to tumor cells was evaluated. Result A good positive correlation was observed between NIRF signal and BIL signal (R²=0.995). Strong NIRF signal was observed in gastric carcinoma region, but no signal was found in the gastric ulcer model. Moreover, hypoxia further promoted the uptake of NIRF dye in gastric carcinoma, but OATP specific inhibitor BSP significantly reduced the absorption of NIRF dye in tumor cells. Conclusions The NIRF heptamethine cyanine dye can be applied to identify the orthotopically transplanted gastric carcinoma in nude mouse models.

Abstract:Objective To compare and analyze the genetic variation and differentiation of two tree shrew populations from Guangxi and Yunnan, to promote the breeding of fine strains of tree shrews and optimization of experimental animal models. Methods Sixty-four blood samples were collected and the gene DNA was extracted, 32 from the Guangxi and 32 from Yunnan populations. PCR amplification products of the nine fluorescent labeling simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were detected by capillary electrophoresis technique and various bioinformatics software were used to analyze the genetic diversity of the two tree shrew populations (Guangxi group and Yunnan group). PCR amplification was performed using 9 fluorescent-labeled simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, the amplification products were detected by capillary electrophoresis technique, and various bioinformatics softwares such as Popgene were applied to analyze the genetic diversity of the two tree shrew populations. Results The average number of expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content among the 9 microsatellite loci of Guangxi and Yunnan groups were 0.703 and 0.725, respectively. The mean value of Fis was >0 in both groups. The results of the tests on all the loci with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium showed that four loci (CCBL1B, CCDC61, EDA1 and OPA3) in the two populations exhibited significant deviations (P<0.001). The study also found the genetic similarity between the two populations was 0.28, while the genetic distance and unbiased genetic distance were 1.277 and 1.268, respectively. The results from AMOVA analysis showed that 61.57% of genetic variation occurred within populations and 38.43% occurred among populations. Furthermore, structure analysis showed that the Guangxi and Yunnan populations studied in this study are divided into two single subspecies belonging to Tupaia belangeri.Conclusions Our results consistently indicate high genetic diversity of the two tree shrew populations, and their genetic variation is mainly of intra-populational origin.

Abstract:Objective This study is aimed to investigate the distribution and differential expression of Hba-α protein in mouse normal hatched blastocysts and dormant embryos before and after cryopreservation, and to provide theoretical basis of the development and use of new mammalian antifreeze proteins. Methods Normal hatched blastocysts were obtained from d5 pregnant mice while dormant embryos were collected from mouse delayed implantation models. Confocal microscopy and western blot were used to detect the differential expression of Hba-α protein among those groups. Results Hba-α protein expressed in mouse normal hatched blastocysts and dormant embryos before and after cryopreservation. There were no significant differences of expression of Hba-α protein between normal hatched blastocysts before and after cryopreservation (P>0.05). Compared with the normal hatched blastocysts before and after cryopreservation, the expression of Hba-α protein in dormant embryos was significantly lower (P<0.05). The expression of Hba-α protein in dormant embryos after cryopreservation was significantly lower than the other groups (P<0.05). Conclusions The effect of cryopreservation on the expression of Hba-α protein in mouse dormant embryos is significantly higher than normal hatched blastocysts.Hba-α protein has a potential to be used as a novel mammalian-derived antifreeze protein.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the role of macrophage-derived Act1 (nuclear factor kappa B activator 1) in the inflammatory bowel disease. Methods Genetically engineered mice carrying targeted suppression of Act1 in the macrophages (Anti-Act1) were used for the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis. The severity of colitis was assessed by weight loss, stool consistency, fecal blood index, colorectal length and H&E histology. The infiltration of CD45⁺ leukocytes and CD68⁺ macrophages in the inflammatory intestine was observed by immunohistochemical staining and expression levels of mRNA for inflammatory cytokines in colon tissues were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Results As compared with C57 mice, the anti-Act1 mice exhibited less severe acute colitis following DSS treatment, with reduced CD45⁺ leukocyte and CD68⁺ macrophage infiltrates in the colon tissue. Inflamed colons of the anti-Act1 mice expressed lower mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Conclusions Targeted suppression of Act1 in the macrophages ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced intestinal inflammation.

Abstract:Objective To establish a mouse model of systemic C. albicans infection by oral inoculation of the pathogen and observe the proliferation and distribution of C. albicans in vivo tissues.Methods Male ICR mice(n=46)were used as the experiment group(n=40) and blank group (n=6). Cotton swabs with C. albicans were used to infect the mice (7×10⁶ CFU/mL), and the blank group with saline. The mice of the experiment group were randomly divided into two groups:model group A for clinical assessment (n=20) and model group B for tissue fungal burden detection (n=20). Clinical score, survival and autopsy were carried out among the model group A.Five mice were randomly killed from the model group B at 3 d, 5 d and 7 d after infection, respectively (blank group killed 2 mice each time). Microbial load tablet method was used to detect the tissue fungal burdens in different tissues, meanwhile samples of tongue, esophagus, stomach, liver, kidney, lung of infected mice were taken for pathological examination.Results White spot appeared on the surface of tongue since 3 d postinfection and increased with time and finally caused death.The mortality reached over 50% at 5 d. C.albicans was not only detected from the tongue (87.5%), stomach (87.5%), liver (54.5%), kidney (50.5%), lung (20%) and heart (4%), but also was microscopically seen mycelia proliferation in the tongue, stomach, liver, and kidney, yet not seen in the control group, showing that C.albicans caused disseminated systemic infection through mucosal infection in mice.Conclusions C.albicans can induce opportunistic systemic infection by breakthrough the mucosal immune barrier, so as to increase the infection to death.

Abstract:Objective To establish a mouse model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) systemic infection with a MRSA strain isolated from clinical samples. Methods Forty-four ICR mice were randomly divided into experimental group (28 mice) and control group (16 mice). The mice were infected with MRSA (1×10⁷ CFU/mL) by tail vein injection after the mice were treated with cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) i.p. for immunosuppression. Survival analysis, peripheral blood white blood cell count, tissue bacterial loads and pathological examination were used to evaluate the models. Results At 2 days after MRSA infection, the treated mice began to die and the cumulative mortality rate reached to 60% at 14 days post-infection. The peripheral blood leukocyte count was significantly increased. MRSA test was positive in the kidneys, joints, lung, liver and brain. The bacterial loads in kidneys reached to 10⁹ CFU/g in joints, lung, liver and brain reached to 10⁴ to 10⁹ CFU/g. Histopathological changes of multiple organ infection were observed in the kidney, heart, lung, liver, brain and joint tissues. Conclusions We have successfully established a mouse model of MRSA systemic infections. It can be a useful model for the study on pathogenesis and new drug development and so on of MRSA infection.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of ginseng co-enzyme Q₁₀ suncream on the skin damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation in mice.Methods 36 mice were randomly assigned to four groups. The mice were shaved on the back and the left untreated side was taken as control group, or was treated with UV as model group. Before treated with UV, the mice were painted with suncream containing ginseng co-enzyme Q₁₀, or octyl methoxycinnamate as positive controls.The mice were treated for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples of all mice were collected from the eyes, then subjected to cell counting or biochemical measurements, and skin samples were cut for pathological examination. Results Compared with the control group, there was a significant increase in white blood cell counts (P<0.05) and MDA content (P<0.05), and declined serum levels of SOD (P<0.05) and GSH-Px (P<0.05) in the model group, and the skin was rough and wrinkled with stratum corneum exfoliation. Compared with the model group, the mice of ginseng co-enzyme Q₁₀ suncream group had significantly lower white blood cell count (P<0.05) and MDA content (P<0.05), and increased serum levels of T-SOD(P<0.05) and red blood cell counts (P<0.05). The skin had no roughness and wrinkles and without stratum corneum exfoliation.Compared with the model group, the positive control group showed significantly decreased white blood cell count (P<0.05) and MDA content (P<0.05), and increased serum levels of GSH-Px(P<0.05). The skin had no roughness and wrinkles and no stratum corneum exfoliation. However, there was no significant difference between the ginseng co-enzyme Q₁₀ suncream group and positive control group.Conclusions Ginseng co-enzyme Q₁₀ suncream shows satisfactory preventive effects on the UV radiation-induced skin damage in mice, similar to the preventive effects of the octyl methoxycinnamate-containing sunsream.

Abstract:Objective To establish and analyze a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus-induced arthritis (Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis, SA), and provide an animal model for arthritis mechanism research and drug development. Methods Mice were immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide, then intravenously inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. The gross characteristics of the joints were observed, the arthritis indexes were analyzed, and the pathological scores of the model mice were evaluated. Results From the first day after bacterial inoculation, the mouse joints were swollen. Pathological examination revealed lesions varying from mild and disarranged joint synovial hyperplasia to synovial thickening and intra-articular invasion, and increased neutrophil infiltration. Conclusions A mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus-induced arthritis is successfully established in this study. This model can be developed in a relatively short time, can not only simulate the clinical symptoms and signs and disease progression of human arthritis, but also to a certain extent reflects the etiology, infection and immunological mechanisms of human arthritis.

Abstract:Objective To establish a detection method integrating DPRA (direct peptide reactivity assay) with h-CLAT (human cell line activation test) to screen the skin sensitization potency of chemicals and plant extracts. Methods 12 chemicals and 7 plant extracts were chosen as the test substances. Firstly, the test substances were incubated together with two different peptides (cysteine and lysine) respectively for reaction for 24 h. The peptide consumptions were analyzed by HPLC. Simultaneously, THP-1 cells were cultured in vitro and then exposed to different concentrations of test substances for 24 h to examine the cell viability, cell surface markers CD54 and CD86 were assessed by flow cytometry. The predicting results were compared further between DPRA and h-CLAT. Results 12 chemicals were distinguished correctly by DPRA classified as 2 non-sensitizers and 10 sensitizers. The results of DPRA were in accordance with h-CLAT. Predicting the sensitization potency of plant extracts by DPRA showed that 6 plant extracts were determined as suspected sensitizers except for green tea extract. But using the method of h-CLAT, 4 plant extracts were examined as suspected sensitizers except for green tea extract, herba portulacae extract and ginseng fruit extract. The coherence of DPRA and h-CLAT was 0.57. Conclusion This detection method integrating DPRA with h-CLAT can predict single compound accurately. As for complex compound, it can achieve preliminary prediction and need other integrating methods to make a further identification.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on the tumor growth and metastasis in MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer. Methods The population of MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice was expanded and identified. 8-week old MMTV-PyMT-positive female mice were randomly divided into LBP group and control group, 8 mice in each group. The mice of LBP group were given LBP treatment (50 mg/kg, i.p.), and the control group was given normal saline in the same volume, once every 2 days for 4 weeks. The tumor size was measured every two days. The mice were killed at 4 weeks after treatment, the lungs were removed and fixed in Bouin's solution to observe the number of metastatic nodules, and tumor tissues were used for immunohistochemical examination of tumor cell proliferation and vascular density. Results The tumor formation rate was 100% in the MMTV-PyMT-positive mice. The tumor weight of LBP group was 4.208±0.4463 g, significantly lower than the 6.477g±0.3724 g in the control group (P<0.005). The number of pulmonary nodules of the LBP group was 12±1.155, significantly less than that of the control group (20±2.745) (P<0.05). The immunohistochemical examination using Ki67 and CD31 staining showed that tumor cell proliferation and microvessel density of the LBP group were significantly less than the NS group. Conclusions LBP inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis through the inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastasis, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis in MMTV-PyMT mice. These mice can be used as an ideal model for studies on antitumor drug development for the treatment of breast cancer lung metastasis.

Abstract:Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture therapy for the rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with renal hypertension and try to explore its mechanism. Methods We randomly select 10 Wistar rats as the blank group and 40 rats were used to make the model groups, which were divided into simple diabetes group, simple renal hypertension group, the compound group with electroacupuncture and the compound group without electroacupuncture, with 10 rats in each group. After a high fat and sugar diet for 4 weeks, the Wistar rats were given streptozotocin i.p. injection to establish models of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Renal hypertension was developed by the "2K1C" improved method to make unilateral renal artery ligation-induced renal artery stenosis. Then, electroacupuncture treatment was performed on the rats for 2 weeks except the compound group without electroacupuncture. The changes of values of BP, FBG, Cr, BUN, glycated hemoglobin, renin and Ang Ⅱ were recorded and analyzed.Results The values of BP, FBG, Cr, BUN, glycated hemoglobin, renin and Ang Ⅱ in the compound group with electroacupuncture showed a significant reduction compared with the compound group without electroacupuncture after 2 weeks (P<0.01), but there was no obvious changes in the values of Cr and BUN(P>0.05).Conclusions The blood glucose and blood pressure in the rat model of compound group can be reduced to a normal level with continuous electroacupuncture at bilateral acupoints Zusanli, and it can also be kept at a stable level after single electroacupuncture for 2-3 days. The acupuncture therapy is more suitable for early clinical treatment and can be used in basic research with advantages of economic, safe, no side effect and so on.

Abstract:Objective To determine the expression and distribution of IGF-1 gene in different tissues of Tibet minipigs at different ages. Methods The changes of IGF-1 gene expression in different tissues and different growth stages of Tibet minipigs were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR technology and GAPDH gene was used as the reference. Results (1) The study of sequential expression of IGF-1 gene showed that the lowest expression of IGF-1 gene in muscle tissue was at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 years of age, whereas the highest expression of IGF-1 gene in skin tissue was at 0, 0.25, 0.5 years of age and the highest expression of IGF-1 gene in liver tissue was at 0.1, 2, 3 years of age. (2) IGF-1 gene was expressed in all the 7 examined tissues, and its expression level was in the following decreasing order:skin, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, heart and muscle at 0.25 years of age. The expression of IGF-1 gene in the skin was significantly higher than in other organ tissues (P<0.01). Conclusions The expression of IGF-1 gene of Tibet minipigs showed obvious temporal and spatial specificity.

Abstract:Objective To explore the feasibility of mechanical chest compression to establish a rat model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods 4-month old healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (n=6) and model group (n=10). After induction of anaesthesia with 10% chloraldurate (3 ml/kg, i.p.), tracheal intubation and left femoral artery cannulation were performed. Under electrocardiographic and artery blood pressure monitoring, tracheal obstruction (TO) was performed to rats in model group. At 2 min after the cardiac arrest (CA) occurred, CPRs were administered to the rats using a self-made animal chest compressor, which provided chest-compression at a rate of 200 bpm. Results Shortly after TO, rats in the model group had respiratory arrest, cyanosis and arrhythmia. Electrocardiography indicated that CA occurred within 4-5 min, with a decreased artery systolic blood pressure (<40 mmHg) and a zero pulse pressure. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after the CPR was successfully achieved in 8 rats (80%), with a transient reperfusion arrhythmia. Finally, 60% of the rats (n=6) recovered to consciousness and survived for 24 hrs. The serum biochemical analysis indicated that there were electrolyte disturbances, acidosis, impaired renal functions and increased myocardial enzyme spectrum. Pathological examination revealed cardiac rhabdomyolysis, no-reflow phenomenon in renal glomeruli, decrease of neurons and pulmonary congestion in the model group rats. Conclusions Mechanical chest compression can provide minimal cardiac output for the requirement of CPR incardiac arrestin rats. It is feasible to establish rat CPR model with the mechanical chest compression.

Abstract:Objective The aim of this study was to establish a rat model of blood hypercoagulable state by intravenous injection of thrombin and to provide a model for researches on hypercoagulable state. Methods Rats were divided into six groups and were injected with normal saline and 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 U/kg thrombin solution through the femoral vein, respectively. Then, blood was drawn to test the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen (FIB), and to observe the death rate of rats in these groups to verify the optimal dosage. On this basis, rats were injected thrombin of the best dose through the femoral vein, and blood samples were collected at 0, 10, 30, 60, 120, 180, 300 (s) to test APTT and PT and FIB for determining the best time for blood sampling. At last, the rats were divided into control group and thrombin group to inject normal saline or thrombin solution in the best dose via the femoral vein, and blood was taken at the best time to test APTT, PT, FIB and whole blood viscosity. Results APTT and PT values of the 10 U/kg thrombin group were the shortest, and FIB value of this group was the highest among these groups. APTT and PT values of blood sample collected at about 60 s after thrombin injection were the shortest, and FIB value was the highest. Compared with the control group, PT and APTT values of the thrombin group were shorter (P<0.05), and blood viscosity and FIB were higher (P<0.05). Conclusions Injecting thrombin solution into the femoral vein can be used to establish a rat model of hypercoagulable state. The best dose of thrombin solution is 10 U/kg in a concentration of 2 U/mL. The best time to collect blood sample is 60 s.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the changes of relevant characteristics in the Beagle model of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) induced by high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Methods Thirty male Beagles were randomly divided into three groups:(1) Control group (n=10), fed with a standard chow. (2) High fat diet group (n=10), fed with high fat diet. (3) Model group (n=10), fed with high fat diet for two months and then given STZ injection. Lee index, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin levels, urine glucose and blood biochemical indexes were regularly detected. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and histopathological examination were performed. Results After treatment for two months, the insulin resistance and dyslipidemia appeared and Lee index significantly increased in the high fat diet group and model group (P<0.01). In the diabetic beagles, fasting blood glucose levels were prominently increased (P<0.01), as compared with the control group and high fat diet group, and held on a high blood glucose level for three months. Among the three groups, the dogs with OGTT values>11.1 mmol/L and were not restored at three hours, showed some pancreatic histological damages and diseases. Conclusions A beagle model of type 2 diabetes mellitus is constructed, exhibiting some characteristics of human type 2 diabetes mellitus such as hyperglycemia,hyperinsulinism,dyslipidemia and other typical features.

Abstract:Objective To verify whether iron can accelerate the process of liver fibrosis in rats. Methods The rats were divided into control group, high fat diet group, high iron group, high fat diet and high iron group, high fat diet and de-iron group, each with 24 rats. The rats were allowed to freely take normal diet and high fat diet, while the high iron rats, high-fat diet plus high iron rats received intramuscular injection of 50 mg/kg iron dextran every other day; high-fat diet plus de-iron group rats received tail intravenous injection of 30 mg/kg deferoxamine one month before death, 3 times/week. 8 rats were selected at 4th, 5th, 6th month of intervention, to detect serum hyaluronic Acid (HA), collagen type IV (COL-IV), laminin (LN), procollagen Ⅲ (PC Ⅲ), and observe pathological changes in the liver with Masson staining. Results At 5th month of intervention, serum HA level of the high-fat diet plus high iron group was significantly higher than those of high fat diet group and control group. At 6th month of intervention, serum COL-IV and LN levels of the high-fat diet plus high iron group were significantly higher than those of the high fat diet group. At 6th month, serum PC Ⅲ level was 1.63 time of those of the high fat diet group. At the 6th month, liver tissue of high fat diet plus high iron group appeared collagen deposition revealed by Masson staining, which was not the case in other groups. Conclusions Iron can accelerate high fat-induced liver fibrosis.

Abstract:Objective The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of benzene on the liver and kidney function and blood nucleotide level in Wistar rats. Methods The Wistar rats were treated with benzene (0.19, 0.38, 0.76 g/kg body weight) for 21 days. Different blood components were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The blood cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA). Results When Wistar rats were administered with benzene at the of 0.19, 0.38, or 0.76 g/kg body weight for 21 days, the total serum bilirubin level was increased than the control group by 134.40%, 173.63% and 254.75%, respectively; aspertate aminotransferase (AST) was increased by 70.76%, 85.44% and 106.61%, creatinine was increased by 24.54%, 67.46% and 84.50%, creatine kinase was increased by 151.35%, 180.85% and 245.54%, urea (0.38 and 0.76 g/kg body weight groups) was increased by 0.48% and 23.43%; alanine transaminase level exceeded the upper limit of the readings, (1185.60%); cAMP level was increased by 41.84%, 264.02% and 314.23%, respectively, cGMP was increased by 31.29%, 40.46% and 272.14%, HSP-70 was increased by 82.11%, 187.37% and 1484.21%; amylase level was reduced by 62.03%, 63.66% and 62.03%, respectively, than the control group. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that benzene pollution affects the plasma cAMP and cGMP ratio, causing metabolic changes even structural damages in liver and kidney function.

Abstract:Clinically, kidney-yang deficiency is one of the main TCM syndromes in patients with major depressive disorder. Warming yang and reinforcing kidney as a therapeutic measure for the treatment of depressive disorder has achieved good clinical curative effect. However, there are some problems on the study of kidney-yang deficiency depression. One of the reasons is that the establishment methods of depression animal model with kidney-yang deficiency are not unified. In order to provide reference and further improve the replication method of depression animal models with kidney-yang deficiency, we systematically collected and analyzed the experiment results published in the past 15 years about the depression animal model with kidney-yang deficiency induced by glucocorticoid hormone drugs and find out their similarities and differences.

Abstract:Heat stress which leads to a state of temperature imbalance caused by long-term exposure of the body in a thermal environment and the body could not adequately dissipate heat. With the progress of the miRNA measurement technology, many scholars had found that heat stress can lead to a change in the miRNA. expression miRNA can bind its target genes to inhibit the expression of its target genes. That made miRNA to play an important role in the regulation of the body's life activities and anti-heat stress.