• Volume 27,Issue 1,2019 Table of Contents
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    • Screening and verification of mouse hind limb-specific gene expression

      2019, 27(1):1-6. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 001

      Abstract (2738) HTML (0) PDF 6.31 M (2130) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Objective To compare the gene expression profiles of fore and hind limbs in mice and screen out genes specifically expressed in hind limbs. Methods Mouse fore and hind limb gene expression chip data were obtained from the NCBI GEO database. The raw data (five forelimb E10. 5 day chips and four hind limb E10. 5 day chips) were quality-controlled using the Transcriptome Analysis Console software. The data were filtered to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the criteria: difference > 2 times or < 0. 5 times and P-value. We drew volcano maps and performed cluster analysis with the DEGs. A gene interaction network map was constructed with the hind limb-specific genes. Results There were 275 DEGs in the hind limbs of mouse E10. 5 embryos, of which 45 genes were upregulated and 230 genes were downregulated. The hind limb-specific DEGs were mapped to the gene network and the core node genes of hind limbs were identified. qPCR was used to investigate some of the hind limb-specific genes, and the results were consistent with the chip results. Conclusions Mouse expression microarrays are successfully used to screen the genes specifically expressed in hind limbs, which provide a basis for the study of mammalian limb development.

    • Establishment of a nude mouse model of gastric cancer metastasis derived from clinical tumor specimens

      2019, 27(1):7-12. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 002

      Abstract (2384) HTML (0) PDF 11.65 M (1739) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Objective  To establish a mouse model of gastric cancer metastasis derived from clinical tumor specimens, and to provide individualized animal models for the metastasis of gastric cancer. Methods A patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model was established by subcutaneous transplantation of fresh clinical gastric cancer specimens into nude mice. Then, the tumor tissue from the PDX model was transplanted into the muscle layer of mouse stomach. The physical status of these nude mice was observed continuously. The occurrence of tumor metastasis was detected by near-infrared fluorescence(NIRF) optical imaging in vivo. After dissecting the tumor-bearing mice, lung metastatic lesions were further subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice to obtain tumors. The histopathological structures of the primary and metastatic tumors were observed by HE staining, and the genetic characteristics were analyzed using STR tests. Furthermore, the expression of metastasis-related genes was detected by PCR-Array analysis. Results A PDX model of gastric cancer is successfully established, and the histopathological characteristics of tumors in the nude mice were basically consistent with those of the patients. Metastatic lesions in the lung and liver were found in the mouse No.C19751 following orthotopic gastric transplantation. Apparent tumors were formed after subcutaneous transplantation of lung metastatic lesions, and STR analysis showed that the primary tumors well maintained the genetic characteristics of the lung metastatic tumors. The PCRArray result demonstrated that the expressions of CXCL12, IGF1 and MMP2 in metastatic tumors were significantly upregulated compared with that in the primary tumors. Conclusions  A PDX metastasis model of gastric cancer is successfully established in nude mice by xenografting clinical tumor specimens, providing an appropriate individualized metastasis model for research on gastric cancer.

    • Establishment of a rat model of myocardial mitochondrial damage induced by bupivacaine

      2019, 27(1):13-18. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 003

      Abstract (2453) HTML (0) PDF 9.28 M (2004) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Objective To observe the morphological changes of cardiomyocytic mitochondria and the reactive oxygen species content in bupivacaine-exposed myocardial cells under electrical stimulation, and to establish an ideal myocardial cell model of bupivacaine poisoning. Methods A Langendorff device was used to separate the cardiomyocytes of male SD rats. The cells were divided into four groups randomly: a DMEM static group, DMEM electric stimulation group, bupivacaine static group and bupivacaine plus electric stimulation group. The experiment was repeated for five times.The cardiomyocytic mitochondrial morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the ROS content was measured with a multifunctional microplate detector. Results The degree of mitochondrial swelling and the ROS content in the DMEM electric stimulation group were not significantly different from those of the DMEM group ( P > 0. 05), but the mitochondrial swelling in the bupivacaine plus electric stimulation group was significantly higher than that of the bupivacaine group ( P =0. 000), and the ROS output was also significantly increased ( P < 0. 05). Conclusions Under electrical stimulation, cardiomyocytes show rhythmic contractions, allowing better simulation of the myocardial mitochondrial injury during clinical bupivacaine poisoning.

    • Establishment of a model of fear stress and its effects on visual cognition in rats

      2019, 27(1):19-24. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 004

      Abstract (1908) HTML (0) PDF 1.78 M (2211) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Objective To establish a model for different degrees of fear stress and explore the effect of fear stress on visual cognitive ability in Long-Evans rats. Methods Foot shock was used as a stress stimulus and a cognitive choice experiment was designed, and then the neural response of the amygdala was measured for functional network analysis to evaluate the effects of fear stress on visual cognition. First, the rats were divided into strong (S+) and weak (S) fear stress groups and a control group (N) and treated with different degrees of foot shock stimulation. Then, intensive visual cognitive training was conducted with a single image (“△”). Finally, a cognitive choice experiment was conducted with two images (“△”and “十”). We combined our results with the complex network theory to construct a visual cognitive functional network of the amygdala in rats under fear stress, in which the information transfer efficiency was represented by the average path length and clustering coefficient. Results  The time required to complete intensive visual cognitive training was significantly higher in the groups S+ than S and N, and was significantly higher in the groups S than N at the early stage of intensive training but showed no significant difference at the later stage. In the cognitive choice experiment, a visual cognitive connection was formed in the groups S and N, while no visual cognitive connection was formed in the group S+. In the brain functional network analysis, effective visual information transmission was observed in the groups S and N, while no visual information transmission was observed in the group S+. Conclusions Fear stress has negative effects on visual cognition, and the cognitive effects become significantly worse as the degree of fear increases.

    • Blood lipid levels and cardiovascular complications in a new type of hyperlipidemia-susceptible rats

      2019, 27(1):25-31. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 005

      Abstract (1858) HTML (0) PDF 10.03 M (1554) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Objective This study aimed to observe the dynamic variation of blood lipids and the pathological features of cardiovascular complications induced by a high-fat diet in a new type of hyperlipidemia-susceptible (WSHc)rats, and to provide a reference for the application of WSHc rats. Methods Twenty female WSHc rats and 10 Wistar rats,aged 7-8 weeks, were fed with a high-fat diet. Another 10 WSHc and Wistar rats of the same age and sex were given a normal diet as a control group. Dynamic changes of blood lipids in the rats were observed at 2, 4, 8,12, and 16 weeks.After feeding for 16 weeks, the cardiac function of the rats in each group was tested using a cardiac ultrasound, and pathological changes of the heart and aorta were observed by histopathology. Results After 2 weeks of the high-fat diet feeding, the serum total cholesterol (TC) of WSHc and Wistar rats was significantly higher than that of the control group.The levels of TC and LDL-c in high-fat-diet-fed WSHc rats were (6. 34±2. 12) and (2. 56±0. 94) mmol/ L, while the levels in the Wistar rats fed with high fat diet were only (2. 93±0. 23) and (0. 63±0. 12) mmol/ L, respectively; during high-fat diet feeding, the TC of WSHc rats remained at a high level. After 16 weeks of high-fat diet intervention, the cardiac ejection fraction of the WSHc rats was increased. Furthermore, the left ventricular wall was thickened, and myocardial fibrosis occurred. Additionally, the aortic intima was thickened, and the arrangement of elastic fibers was disordered, forming early atherosclerotic lesions. However, lesions and cardiovascular disease were not apparent in the Wistar rats after the high-fat diet. Conclusions  WSHc rats are sensitive to exogenous cholesterol, and are prone to hyperlipidemia and related cardiovascular complications after high-fat diet feeding. Additionally, the TC and LDL-c levels are close to those in clinical hyperlipidemia. Compared with normal rats, they are more suitable for studying hyperlipidemia and related cardiovascular complications.

    • Pathological characteristics of chronic progressive nephropathy in rats

      2019, 27(1):32-37. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 006

      Abstract (2350) HTML (0) PDF 12.06 M (1699) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Objective To observe the incidence and pathological characteristics of chronic progressive nephropathy (CPN) in rats and to accumulate valuable data for the study of rat CPN. Methods Sixty imported SD rats, 120 domestic SD rats and 120 domestic Wistar rats were fed imported food, another 120 domestic Wistar rats were fed domestic food. The animals were euthanized after feeding for 104 weeks. The kidneys were collected for conventional histopathological examination. The incidence and pathological characteristics of CPN were observed in relation to different rat strains, genders and foods. Results Glomerular basement membrane and mesangial hyperplasia with segmental sclerosis were the first lesions of CPN, while basophilic changes (degeneration and regeneration) of the renal tubular epithelium with renal interstitial fibrosis were secondary changes. The total incidence rate of CPN was 31. 87%, with 48. 5% in male rats and 15. 1% in female rats. The CPN incidence rate in Wistar rats was higher than in SD rats. The CPN incidence rate in imported SD rats was higher than in domestic SD rats. The CPN incidence rate was higher in rats fed with a higher protein level than a lower protein level. Conclusions Glomerular changes occur first, leading to secondary tubular changes. There is a high incidence rate of CPN in rats, and there are differences in incidence with gender, strain and fodder.

    • Effects of experimental intervention with normal saline on the microflora and short-chain fatty acid content in the cecum of broilers

      2019, 27(1):38-45. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 007

      Abstract (2133) HTML (0) PDF 8.73 M (1726) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Objective The aim of this experiment was to explore the effects of experimental intervention with normal saline on the microflora and short-chain fatty acid content in the cecum of broilers, and provide a theoretical basis for research on targeted regulation of the early intervention technique for broilers. Methods Eighty newly hatched chickens were randomly divided into two groups, namely the control group (group C) and the saline group (group S). The chickens in the group S were orally inoculated with 0. 5 mL of sterilized saline on the first two days after hatching, while the chickens in the group C were not treated with anything. Eight chickens from each group were randomly selected, weighed and their cecal contents were collected on days 3 and 7. Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to determine the microfloral structure of the cecal content. The short-chain fatty acids contents in the ceca of broilers were determined by gas chromatography. Results Experimental intervention with normal saline showed no significant effect on the average daily weight gain of broilers in early developmental stages ( P > 0. 05). At the phylum level, the cecal flora profiles were similar between the two groups. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla in the broiler ceca. At the genus level, compared with the group C, the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Cyanobacteria were increased by 160% and 143%, respectively, at the age of 3 days ( P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the relative abundance of cecal flora between the two groups at the age of 7 days. Furthermore, experimental intervention with normal saline dramatically reduced the acetic acid, butyric acid and isovaleric acid contents in the ceca of broilers aged 3 days ( P <0. 01). However, no significant difference was found at the age of 7 days ( P > 0. 05). Conclusions  Experimental intervention with normal saline has an effect on the microflora and short-chain fatty acid contents in the ceca of broilers aged 3 days, but this effect is transient and may gradually disappear with increasing age.

    • Establishment and evaluation of a rat model of footshock-induced visceral hypersensitivity

      2019, 27(1):46-51. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 008

      Abstract (2005) HTML (0) PDF 1.23 M (2136) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Objective To establish and evaluate a new rat model of visceral hypersensitivity (VH) induced by electric footshock. Methods Female SD rats were divided randomly into the normal control (NC) group, footshock stress (FSS) group, and water avoidance stress (WAS) group. The NC rats were placed in a footshock stress box for 1 h every day without stimulation. The FSS rats were placed in a footshock stress box for 1 h every day and stimulated by electric shock (U=40 v, t=1 s, f=20 times/ min) for 5 min, and WAS rats were placed in a WAS box for 1 h every day. All groups were treated for consecutive 10 days. The general status and defecation status of the rats were recorded every other day. Visceral sensitivity was evaluated with abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) test. The serum concentrations of CRF,ACTH, CORT, and 5-HT and the colonic concentration of 5-HT were measured by ELISA. Results 1) Compared with the WAS and NC rats, the visceral sensitivity of FSS rats was significantly increased ( P <0. 05). There were no significant pathological manifestations in the colons of FSS or WAS rats. (2) Compared with the WAS and NC rats, the serum concentrations of CRF, ACTH, CORT, and 5-HT and the colonic concentration of 5-HT were all significantly increased in the FSS rats ( P <0. 05). (3) The defecation quantity of FSS rats was significantly greater than those of WAS and NC rats ( P <0. 05). The water content of the feces of FSS rats was significantly higher than that of NC rats ( P <0. 05). The defecation quantity and water content in the feces of FSS rats were stable during the experiment. Conclusions FSS is an optimal method for establishing a rat model of VH and is superior to water avoidance stress.

    • Protective effect of curcumin on renal fibrosis induced by 5/6kidney ligation in the mouse model of chronic renal disease

      2019, 27(1):52-58. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 009

      Abstract (2505) HTML (0) PDF 8.63 M (1825) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Objective  To study the protective effect of curcumin on renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and explore its possible mechanism of action. Methods Thirty C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into a sham-operated control group (NC), 5/6 kidney ligation model group (LIG) and curcumin treatment group (LIG + CUR),with 10 mice in each group. The CKD animal model was prepared according to the modified 5/6 kidney ligation method.The curcumin group was given a curcumin-containing diet (100 mg/ (kg·d) and the other groups were given normal feed.The mice were euthanized after 3 months. The levels of the fibrosis index α-SMA and the Hippo pathway transcriptional activator Yap involved in fibrosis in CKD were determined. Results Renal function tests showed that urea nitrogen (BUN)and serum creatinine (Scr) were significantly increased in the LIG group compared with the NC group, and that the administration of curcumin effectively protected kidney function. H&E, Masson and immunohistochemical staining showed that the LIG kidneys had obvious tubular lesions and some fibrotic changes, and that the degree of fibrosis was significantly reduced after the administration of curcumin ( P <0. 05). The mRNA and protein levels of Yap increased after modeling,and decreased significantly after curcumin treatment ( P <0. 05). Conclusions Curcumin can significantly ameliorate the mouse CKD induced by 5/6 kidney ligation, and its mechanism may be related to a decrease of Yap in the Hippo signaling pathway.

    • Establishment of a rat model of COPD-OSAHS overlap syndrome induced by smoking and intermittent hypoxia

      2019, 27(1):59-64. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 010

      Abstract (2399) HTML (0) PDF 6.98 M (1677) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Objective To establish a rat model of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea synclrome(OSAHS) overlap syndrome (OS), which can provide a feasible means and experimental platform for basic research on the overlap syndrome. Methods 14 SPF female 6-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group (n = 8) and control group (n = 6). The rats in experimental group were exposed to smoke and intermittent hypoxia environment, and the rats in control group were given sham smoke and normal oxygen. After 8 weeks,the survival rate of rats in experimental group was calculated, and the general condition, blood gas analysis, right ventricular hypertrophy index, mean alveolar numbers, mean alveolar septum, and pathological changes of lung tissue were compared between the two groups. Results The oxygen concentration-time curve of intermittent hypoxic chamber showed that oxygen concentration decreased periodically and returned to normal, which indicated that the intermittent hypoxic gas environment was successfully simulated. At last, 6 rats in the experimental group survived, with a survival rate of 75%,while all rats in control group survived. Compared with the control group, the 6 surviving SD rats in experimental group were generally in poor condition, with acidosis, hypoxemia and carbon dioxide retention, right ventricular hypertrophy,significantly increased mean alveolar intercept and significantly decreased mean alveolar number ( P < 0. 05). The difference was statistically significant. Pathological observation of lung tissue showed that pulmonary interstitial inflammatory infiltration, lymphocyte proliferation in bronchial wall, smooth muscle hyperplasia in bronchial wall, partial rupture of smooth muscle in bronchial wall, goblet cells hyperplasia and emphysema. Conclusions A rat model of OS is successfully established by smoking and intermittent hypoxia exposure. More meaningful and objective evaluation indicators of the OS model are still to be found.

    • Effect of Astragalus on endoplasmic reticulum stress during the vascular remodeling in hypertensive rats

      2019, 27(1):65-71. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 011

      Abstract (2160) HTML (0) PDF 8.77 M (1333) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Objective To observe the effect of Astragalus injection on endoplasmic reticulum stress during the vascular remodeling in hypertensive rats, and investigate its molecular mechanism of vascular protection. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and intervention group. “Abdominal aortic stenosis”methods was used to prepare the hypertensive rat model. From the second day after surgery, the rats in the intervention group were injected with Astragalus injection solution 8 g/ (kg·d)intraperitoneally. Blood pressure was measured by rat caudal artery manometry at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the operation. Then, the animals were anesthetized and the aorta was separated, and pathology and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the thickness of vascular muscle layer using an image analysis system. The expression of CRT and caspase-12 was detected by Western blotting, and the apoptosis rate of VSMC was determined by TUNEL assay. Results  In the model group, pathological changes of VSMC were observed, and blood pressure, the thickness of the artery wall muscle layer and the apoptosis rate of VSMC were increased in a time-dependent manner. CRT expression was significantly increased at 1-2 weeks after the operation, but decreased at 4-6 weeks. Caspase-12 expression was increased 2 weeks after the surgery, and the increase in expression became more significant over time. In the Astragalus intervention group, the morphology of VSMC was improved to some extent. Blood pressure, the thickness of vascular wall muscle layer and the apoptosis rate of VSMC were significantly decreased. The biggest decrease was observed at 6 weeks after Astragalus intervention. Astragalus inhibited the early high expression of CRT and the high expression of caspase-12, and this inhibitory effect became more obvious as time progressed. Conclusions Astragalus decreases hypertension in rats to some degree and improves aortic vascular remodeling. Its mechanism may be related to the regulation of ERS molecules.

    • Analysis of gut microbiomes of rhesus macaques of different ages by high-throughput sequencing

      2019, 27(1):72-78. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 012

      Abstract (2464) HTML (0) PDF 6.47 M (1657) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Objective To investigate the characteristics of gut microbiota in rhesus macaques of different ages.Methods Stool samples were collected from 33 adult (5-10 years old) and 17 old (>10 years old) rhesus macaques and the V3 region of the 16S rDNA gene was examined by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing. The abundance and composition of the gut microbiota were analyzed by cluster analysis. Results DNA sequence analysis was successfully performed ( P >0. 05). The Chao1 ( P =0. 0174), Simpson ( P =0. 0258), and ACE ( P =0. 0121) indexes were lower and the Shannon index ( P = 0. 0132) was higher in the old group than the adult group. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher in the old group than the adult group ( P = 0. 013). Conversely, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Spirochaetes, Verrucomicrobia and Lentisphaerae was lower in the old group than the adult group ( P =0. 0283, P = 0. 0002, P = 0. 0482, P = 0. 0242). At the family level, the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae was higher in the old group than the adult group ( P = 0. 0001), while the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae,Clostridiales, Spirochaetaceae, and Christensenellaceae was lower in the old group ( P =0. 0039, P =0. 0080, P =0. 0002, P =0. 0021). At the genus level, the relative abundance of unidentified Prevotellaceae was higher in the old group than the adult group ( P =0. 0001). By contrast, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Sarcina and unidentified Spirochaetaceae was lower in the old group than the adult group ( P = 0. 0114, P = 0. 0227, P = 0. 0028). β-diversity analysis showed that the adult and old groups were distributed in different quadrants, and there was a significant difference between the two groups ( P =0. 003). LDA effect size analysis indicated that Streptococcus, Buchnera, and Lactobacillus were biomarkers at the genus level in the adult group. Conclusions Rhesus macaques have a lower abundance and higher diversity of gut microbiota with increasing age.

    • Exploration of the risk of renal embolization caused by drug-coated balloon particles in rabbits

      2019, 27(1):79-84. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 013

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      Abstract:Objective To establish an in vivo model to assess the risk of particle embolization of drug-coated balloons in animals, and to explore the relationship between the diameter of occluded vessels and the particle size of the coating. Methods The distal end of abdominal aorta was blocked with a bare balloon, and then a drug coated balloon catheter was delivered into the abdominal aorta of the rabbit and dilated at the proximal end to observe whether the kidneys had tissue necrosis caused by typical vascular embolization. Results Abnormal lesions of the kidneys are mainly characterized by volume shrinkage, pits, and roughness. Histological examination showed glomerular congestion, loss of cell nuclei and karyolysis, fibrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The pathological process of renal necrosis occurred from the cortex to the medulla, the extent of necrosis was related to the dose, and there was no improvement by self-healing over time. Conclusions The rabbit model we designed is sensitive and can be used to assess the risk of embolization from drug-coated balloons in the body.

    • Antidepressant effects of cajaninstilbene acid on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive mice

      2019, 27(1):85-90. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 014

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      Abstract:Objective Cajaninstilbene acid comprises a relatively high proportion of the stilbene in pigeon pea leaves and has significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to observe the antidepressant effect of cajaninstilbene acid and explore its possible mechanism. Methods A mouse model of depression was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and were treated with cajaninstilbene acid. A sucrose preference test was used to evaluate the degree of anhedonia and the serum corticosterone level was detected by ELISA. The concentrations of several neurotransmitters in the cortex and hippocampus were determined by LC-MS/ MS. Results Cajaninstilbene acid reversed the decreased sucrose preference and the increased serum corticosterone levels induced by CUMS. Compared with the control group, the levels of several neurotransmitters were significantly changed in the cortex and hippocampus of CUMS mice, regulated by cajaninstilbene acid. Conclusions  Cajaninstilbene acid has antidepressant effects, which may be mediated by reducing serum corticosterone levels and regulating the levels of brain neurotransmitters.

    • In vivo imaging of a Nile red-labeled nanoemulsion in tumor-bearing nude mice

      2019, 27(1):91-95. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 015

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      Abstract:Objective The fluorescent dye Nile red (NR) is commonly used in quantitative analysis of lipids in bacteria, fungi, and microalgae. In this study, NR was encapsulated in a nanoemulsion to investigate the tumor targeting and tissue distribution of the nanoemulsion in BALB/ c nude mice bearing H1688 tumors. Methods  To evaluate the prospects of NR as a bioimaging marker for nanoemulsions, its cytotoxicity was investigated in H1688 cells with a CCK-8 assay. An NR suspension (NRS) and NR nanoemulsion NRNE(O) were given by gavage. The dynamic fluorescence intensity distribution of NR in mice was observed with an in vivo fluorescence imaging system. Results The H1688 cells exhibited over 85% viability after incubation with a range of NRNE(O) concentrations for 24 h. The results demonstrated that NRNE(O) absorption in mice and the amount accumulated in tumor tissue were both higher than in the NRS group.Conclusions NRNE(O) has a low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. NR in a nanoemulsion combined with an in vivo fluorescence imaging system can reveal the dynamic distribution of the nanoemulsion in mice vividly and reliably in real time. The results of this study indicate that NR has significant application potential as a tracer for the bioimaging of nanoparticles in vivo.

    • Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of CTSK CDS region in Guangxi Bama mini-pig

      2019, 27(1):96-103. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 016

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      Abstract:Objective This study aimed to clone the CDS region of cathepsin K (CTSK) from Guangxi Bama mini-pig and analyze its genetic structure with bioinformatics software. Methods  Total RNA was extracted from subcutaneous fat tissue of a Guangxi Bama mini-pig. The CTSK gene CDS region sequence was obtained through RT-PCR.Its sequence characteristics, evolution, encoded protein structure and physical and chemical properties were analyzed using relevant bioinformatics softwares. Results The CDS of the CTSK gene of Guangxi Bama mini-pig was 993 bp and encoded 330 amino acids, which was completely consistent with the published CTSK gene sequence of pig (NM_214302. 1) on NCBI. Homology comparison showed that the CTSK gene has been highly conserved during evolution. The CTSK protein of Guangxi Bama mini-pig had an obvious hydrophilic region and a signal peptide sequence in the region of amino acids 17-330, but had no transmembrane structural domain. Structural prediction indicated that there were two n-glycosylation sites in the CTSK protein, and subcellular localization analysis indicated that it was mainly distributed in the endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus. Conclusions In this study, the CDS region sequence of the CTSK gene in Guangxi Bama mini-pig is successfully cloned and analyzed, which provides a theoretical basis for further study on the function of this gene and the establishment of animal models of related diseases.

    • Current status and prospect of research of experimental miniature swine in China

      2019, 27(1):104-109. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 017

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      Abstract:Laboratory Animals are widely used in scientific research, and experimental miniature swine are getting more and more attention in the field of medical research around the world. In China, the resources of miniature swine are very rich, different species have their own characteristics and their genetic characters are stable. In recent years, the research on experimental miniature swine is in a rapid development stage in China, and the production and usage are increasing year by year. The development of experimental miniature swine in China has the unique advantages of natural closed group characteristics and high inbreeding. The main development trend of experimental miniature swine in China is strain-systematization, standardization, large-scale and industrialization. The current problems faced by the development of experimental miniature swine in China are mainly reflected in three aspects: weak protection, considerable resistance to development, and few of finished strains. Breeding the strain of experimental miniature swine with different characteristics in China requires an increase in investment, using advanced science and technology such as gene editing and animal cloning technology to accelerate the process of orientational breeding of miniature swine.

    • Research progress of animal models of myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol

      2019, 27(1):110-114. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 018

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      Abstract:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of human death worldwide, but its pathogenesis and prevention still need further research. Isoproterenol (ISO) is a β-adrenergic receptor agonist that acts directly or indirectly on the myocardium through inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis, which can cause mild myocardial injury, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, and even heart failure. This review mainly focuses on the research on animal models of myocardial injury caused by ISO and attempts to describe its morphological and functional characteristics, as well as its pathogenesis.

    • Comparison of the characteristics of STORM and STED micro-imaging techniques

      2019, 27(1):115-118. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 019

      Abstract (2974) HTML (0) PDF 743.53 K (2577) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) and stimulated emission depletion (STED)microscopy are two super-resolution fluorescence microscopic technologies developed in recent years. Both technologies can transcend traditional fluorescence microscopy image resolution, with the potential for multiple colors, three-dimensional imaging, and live-cell intracellular imaging. In this review, we focus on fluorescence control, laser intensity and other technical parameters, as well as sample preparation, image acquisition and processing optimization of the two processes,and compare their strengths and weaknesses in resolution, image acquisition time, and specific applications. Overall,STORM provides higher 3D-resolution, but may require longer image acquisition times. STED requires higher laser intensity, but can generate images immediately after image acquisition, without additional image data processing.Ultimately, choosing STORM or STED depends not only on the specific application of the technology, but also on the ability of the operator to optimize the technical parameters at each step.

    • Research progress in establishing rat liver cancer models

      2019, 27(1):119-123. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 020

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      Abstract:Animal models are necessary for studying liver cancer as they play a vital role in exploring tumor pathogenesis and evaluating therapeutic methods. In recent years, abundant data from liver cancer studies and treatment prognoses have been obtained via various animal models. Here, we summarize the commonly used rat liver cancer models,which are mainly constructed by induction or transplantation, and discuss the progress made in establishing rat liver cancer models.

    • Intestinal flora-targeted fecal microbiota transplantation and its potential applications in animal husbandry

      2019, 27(1):124-128. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 021

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      Abstract:The intestinal microbiome is dynamically associated with host health. The fecal microbiota transplantation ( FMT) approach involves transplanting the entire intestinal microflora of a healthy donor into the gastrointestinal tract of a patient to rebuild and restore the natural intestinal microflora. Mounting evidence has shown that FMT can help fight Clostridium difficile infection, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome and other intestinal diseases.Research progress on FMT and its potential applications in animal husbandry are reviewed in this paper. We also discuss the key limiting factors for FMT in pig husbandry.

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