Most downloaded articles

1 Establishment of a modified in vitro mongolian gerbil oocyte fertilization and embryo culture system

GUO Hong-gang , LI Li , ZHOU Sheng-lai , LU Ling-qun , LI Kun , DU Jiang-tao , SHI Qiao-juan , JIN Xiu-qing , LI Chang-long , SA Xiao-ying , YING Hua-zhong , CHU Xiao-feng

2017, 25(6):624-631. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2017.06.007

[Abstract](2410) [HTML](0) [PDF 20.44 M](34608)

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the feasibility of self-made capacitation liquid for in vitro fertilization of Mongolian gerbils,and to provide a reference for gerbil embryo cryopreservation.Methods In vitro fertilization of Mongolian gerbil was performed with the self-prepared capacitation solution and semen,and the 2-cell embryos of Mongolian gerbils were cultured in vitro using an improved KSOM culture medium.Results The in vitro fertilization rate of gerbils was over 60%,and some gerbil 2-cell embryos could develop further in vitro.Conclusions An in vitro fertilization and embryo development system of Mongolian gerbil has been established,but it needs further optimization.

2 Research status and progress in animal models of senile osteoporosis

ZHANG Tonghai , WANG Lining , HU Yongkang , MA Tianci , HAN Anyang , MA Yong , GUO Yang

2025, 33(3):440-448. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2025. 03. 012

[Abstract](285) [HTML](0) [PDF 845.44 K](13615)

Abstract:
Senile osteoporosis is a growing public health challenge with significant impacts on the daily life of the elderly population as a result of its hidden nature, high prevalence, and high risk of disability. Suitable animal models that simulate senile osteoporosis are crucial for understanding its pathological mechanism and to facilitate the development of anti-osteoporosis drugs and identify new therapeutic targets. This review considers the most commonly used method for creating animal models of senile osteoporosis, analyzes their advantages and limitations, and discusses research progress in animal models in terms of evaluation indicators, to provide references for research using animal models of senile osteoporosis.

3 Research progress in animal models and mechanism of depression

HAN Yuan-yuan , DAI Jie-jie

2016, 24(3):321-326. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2016.03.020

[Abstract](7570) [HTML](0) [PDF 774.13 K](11662)

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The incidence of depressive illness is high worldwide, and the inadequacy of currently available drug treatments contributes to the significant health burden associated with depression. Animal models of depression used as the main methods to study the pathogenesis mechanism and select effective drugs receive increasing concerns. Current popular models of depression creatively merge ethologically valid behavioral assays with the latest technological advances in molecular biology. In this context, this study aims to review the animal models of depression and pathogenesis related with face validity, construct validity, and predictive validity of these models. These models include stress-induced models, injury-induced models, drug-induced models and transgenic models which all mimic the depression symptoms of human to some degree and are of great value for developing new antidepressant drugs and studying the pathogenesis of this disease.

4 Advances in mouse models of colorectal cancer

MIAO Jinxin , SONG Shaohe , LI Xiumin

2020, 28(2):0-0. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2020. 02. 018

[Abstract](3383) [HTML](0) [PDF 754.50 K](8817)

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Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and the morbidity and mortality rate is increasing year by year with patients tending to be younger. The colorectal cancer mouse model increases our understanding of human colorectal cancer characteristics and cancer prevention and treatment. Murine models of colorectal cancer can be divided into spontaneous, induced, transplanted tumor, and transgenic models. However, none recapitulate all the characteristics of human colorectal cancer. The use of a specific mouse colorectal cancer model to address specific colorectal cancer research issues is critical. This paper has examined research literature both domestic and foreign to provide a review of the research progress of different mouse models of colorectal carcinoma over the past 20 years. The aim is to establish a suitable mouse model for the study of colorectal cancer.

5 Establishment and evaluation of a combination of disease and syndrome model of post-stroke depression based on the theory of“disease-syndrome-drug”

LIU Zhiheng , CHEN Yuli , LIU Yu , WANG Xin , LIU Yu , LIU Lin

2025, 33(3):388-398. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2025. 03. 007

[Abstract](205) [HTML](0) [PDF 10.38 M](7893)

Abstract:
Objective To construct an animal model of post-stroke depression (PSD) based on the theory of “depression, stasis, phlegm”, with the aim of developing and validating an Objective assessment system. Methods Rats were divided randomly into five groups: control, depression, stroke, PSD, and Baishile decoction groups. A PSD syndrome-based animal model was established in rats using a combination of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). “Depression, stasis, phlegm” were then evaluated in the model rats using the Morris water maze, open field, forced swimming, and sucrose preference tests, and by detection of neurotransmitter levels, brain tissue pathology, tongue and forepaw color RGB values, and blood rheology. Results PSD rats exhibited significantly shorter target quadrant dwelling times, platform crossings, and climbing and rearing frequencies, a significantly lower sucrose preference, and a significantly higher immobility time in the forced swim test compared with control rats. Hematoxylin and eosin and Nissl staining revealed brain tissue damage in PSD rats. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-HT) were significantly decreased, glutamate levels were significantly increased, and tongue and forepaw RGB values were all decreased. Blood rheology showed a hypercoagulable state and blood lipid metabolism-related indicators were significantly abnormal. Rats in the Baishile decoction group showed significant improvements compared with the PSD group, including increased target quadrant dwelling times, number of platform crossings, and climbing and rearing frequencies, increased sucrose preference,decreased immobility time in the forced swim test, improved brain tissue pathology, increased serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of 5-HT, decreased glutamate levels, increased tongue and claw RGB values, and varying degrees of improvement in blood rheology and blood lipid metabolism-related indicators. Conclusions The combination of MCAO and CUMS successfully established a syndrome-based animal model of PSD exhibiting the characteristics of “depression, stasis, phlegm”, with corresponding Objective assessment criteria.

6 The significance of a non⁃invasive measurement of lung function in mice

LI Shumin , ZHANG Min , WANG Peng , HONG Fan , WANG Chen , ZHANG Yue , GENG Zhenyang , YANG Xinyu , HE Xiaoxiao , SUN Ying , YANG Fang

2018, 26(5):548-553. DOI: 10.3969/j. issn. 1005 - 4847. 2018. 05. 002

[Abstract](4406) [HTML](0) [PDF 816.28 K](7633)

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Objective To provide a reference for studies of monitoring lung function in mice, this study was aimed to test the indexes of a non?invasive measurement of lung function in mice. Methods Lung function indexes of 460 C57BL/6 mice were detected by whole?body plethysmography. The results were analyzed, and the range of reference values was determined by the percentile method. Results Normal ranges for the following measures were found: inspiration time was 64. 7 (55. 30 -82. 60) ms, expiration time was 83. 4 (71. 70 -109. 20) ms, Rpef was 0. 21 (0. 16 -0. 28) ms, end?inspiratory pause was 2. 19 (1. 96 -3. 76) ms, end?expiratory pause was 1. 67 (0. 12 -9. 15) ms, tidal volume was 0. 44 (0. 25 -0. 58) mL, enhanced pause was 1. 29 (0. 91 -2. 00) ms, pause was 1. 18 (1. 00 -1. 64) ms, expiratory flow?50 was 0. 64 (0. 30 -0. 98) mL/ s, relaxation time was 39. 0 (32. 40 -51. 50) ms, peak inspiratory flow was 9. 74 (5. 33 -12. 83) mL/ s, peak expiratory flow was 9. 86 (5. 12 -13. 47) mL/ s, inspiratory frequency was 412 (331 - 474) BPM, and minute volume was 174. 4 (86. 69 -235. 04) mL. Conclusions The normal reference ranges from non?invasive lung monitoring in C57BL/6 mice can be used as a reference for basic research on respiratory diseases.

7 Protective effect of Liensinine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in mice

CHEN Zhaoyang , YAO Ru , WANG Lu , WANG Chenyang , GUO Min , SONG Guohua , ZHANG Ruihu

2018, 26(3):343-348. DOI: 10.3969/j. issn. 1005 -4847. 2018. 03. 012

[Abstract](2554) [HTML](0) [PDF 5.91 M](6954)

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effect of Liensinine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Methods BALB/ c mice were randomly divided into six group: control group, LPS group, LPS + Liensinine (2 mg/ kg, 4 mg/ kg, 8 mg/ kg) groups, and dexamethasone group. Acute lung injury in mice was induced by nasal instillation of LPS. After 12 h, the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed. The levels of TNF?α, IL?6 and IL?1β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by ELISA. The number of neutrophils in BALF was detected using Wright?Giemsa staining. Total protein content was detected by BCA protein quantification assay. The pulmonary capillary permeability was examined with Evans blue. The MPO activity, MDA content, SOD activity, and GSH content in lung homogenate supernatant were detected by spectrophotometry. The content of ROS in lung tissue was detected by flow cytometry. Results The LPS group showed inflammatory cell infiltration, thickening of bronchial alveolar wall and pulmonary congestion in the lung tissue, while Liensinine improved the lung injury. In the LPS group, the contents of TNF?α, IL?6 and IL?1β in BALF were significantly increased, the number of neutrophils and the content of total protein were significantly increased, pulmonary capillary permeability, MPO activity and MDA content were increased, SOD activity and GSH content were decreased, the content of ROS was increased; while the Liensinine group reduced the contents of TNF?α, IL?6, IL?1β in BALF, reduced the number of neutrophils and total protein content, decreased the pulmonary capillary permeability, attenuated MPO activity and MDA contents and increased SOD activity and GSH content, and reduced ROS content in the LPS?challenged lung tissue. Conclusions Liensinine protects mice from LPS?induced acute lung injury by its anti?inflammatory and anti?oxidative activities.

8 Effects of NLRP3 gene knockout on mucosal barrier and inflammatory factors in mice with ulcerative colitis

SHI Yirong , ZHANG Erxin , QIAN Xuantao , HAO Weiwei

2025, 33(3):399-410. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2025. 03. 008

[Abstract](163) [HTML](0) [PDF 17.73 M](6882)

Abstract:
Objective To explore the mechanism of NLRP3 gene knockout in relation to the abnormal mucosal barrier and inflammatory factors in ulcerative colitis (UC) mice. Methods Thirty-two NLRP3-knockout (NLRP3^{- / -}) mice and 30 C57BL / 6 wild-type (WT) mice were divided randomly into six groups: NLRP3^{- / -}blank,NLRP3^{- / -} model, NLRP3^{- / -}mesalazine, WT blank, WT model, and WT mesalazine groups. Except for mice in the two blank groups, mice in the other groups were given 3% dextran sodium sulfate to drink freely for 5 days to establish an UC mouse model. After successful establishment of the model, mice in each group underwent intragastric administration of the respective solution for 7 consecutive days. The general condition, body weight, disease activity index (DAI) score, and colon length were observed and evaluated in each group. Histopathological changes in the colon were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. ZO-1, claudin-1, occludin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin ( IL)-6 expression in colon tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results (1) The DAI score was significantly higher in the NLRP3^{- / -} model group compared with the WT model group on day 12, while colon length was significantly shorter and pathological injury of the intestinal mucosa was more serious. Expression levels of ZO-1, claudin-1, and occludin in colon tissue were lower whereas expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher in the NLRP3^{- / -} model group compared with the WT model group. ( 2) Regarding the two mesalazine groups, the DAI score was significantly higher and expression levels of ZO-1, claudin-1, and occludin in colon tissue were lower in the NLRP3^{- / -}mesalazine compared with the WT mesalazine group on day 12. Conclusions Specific knockout of the NLRP3 gene makes mice more sensitive to UC. Compared with WT mice, NLRP3^{- / -}UC micehave more severe mucosal barrier injury and release more inflammatory factors. Mesalazine could repair the mucosal barrier and reduce inflammation in NLRP3- / -and WT UC mice. Under the same experimental conditions, mesalazinerepaired the mucosal barrier more effectively in WT compared with NLRP3^{- / -}UC mice.

9 Differential analysis of the bacterial community composition in mouse feces and intestinal contents

WU Ya-qi , ZHONG Gen-shen , WU Min-na

2015, 23(3):249-255. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2015.03.006

[Abstract](8995) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.18 M](6876)

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Objective To explore the objectivity and scientificity of fecal sampling, and to provide reference for investigating the relationship between intestinal microbes and diseases. Methods Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, degeneration gradient gel electrophoresis and real time fluorescent quantitative PCR techniques were applied to differentially analyze the bacterial community composition and abundance of intestinal contents and feces taken from different sites of BALB/c mouse intestine. Results The predominant T-RFLP fragments (T-RFs) in feces in the rectum and colon were 244 bp, 255 bp and 449 bp, however, those in feces of the small intestine including duodenum, jejunum and ileum were 60 bp, 73 bp, 261 bp, 268 bp and 272 bp, and with a larger variation of the bacterial community composition in various parts of the small intestine. The bacterial abundance in the contents of duodenum and jejunum were 6.9 log (copies)/g and 8.3 log (copies)/g, fewer than in the other parts of the intestine, while the bacterial abundance in the feces was as high as 11.8 log (copies)/g, being about 2 times higher than that in the duodenum and jejunum (P<0.05), and similar to that in the ileum and colon content (P>0.05). Conclusions The inter-mouse variations of bacterial community composition in the large intestine contents are small. The bacterial composition and abundance are similar suggest that studies on the relationship between large intestine especially colorectal microbiota and diseases may be conducted via fecal sampling.

10 Potential of prostaglandin D2 and its metabolites in tumor immunotherapy:mechanisms and applications based on animal models

LUO Hongping , TAN Dengxu , AN Qingling , BAI Bing , ZHANG Yanying , SHI Changhong

2025, 33(3):449-456. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2025. 03. 013

[Abstract](305) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.65 M](6783)

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Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a biologically active substance with important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. PGD2 exerts its biological functions mainly through prostaglandin D2 synthase (PGDS), which is closely related to inflammation and immune regulation. Recent studies have found that PGD2 and its synthase, PGDS, are able to directly inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, suppress migration and invasion, and further regulate the tumor immune microenvironment to affect the immunotherapy of tumors, demonstrating good tumor therapeutic potential. In this paper, we review the biological properties of PGD2 and its synthase, focusing on its role in the immunotherapy of tumor models. We explore the immunotherapeutic efficacy of PGD2 and its synthase, and their roles in promoting immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, and discuss their potential as new targets for tumor therapy.

11 Research progress on animal models of insomnia and evaluation methods

XIA Tianji , YAN Mingzhu , WANG Zhi , JIN Suwei , LIU Xinmin , PAN Ruile , CHANG Qi

2022, 30(3):428-435. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2022. 03. 017

[Abstract](3271) [HTML](0) [PDF 877.74 K](6656)

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Data released by the Chinese Sleep Medicine Congress in 2021 showed that more than 300 million people in China have sleep disorders, of which insomnia is the most common. Research into the mechanisms of insomnia and candidate therapeutic drugs needs to involve insomnia animal models and appropriate evaluation method. This article summarizes aspects of the insomnia animal models commonly used in the past 10 years and classifies them from the perspective of physical, chemical, pathological, and multiple factors. The method used to evaluate the insomnia models are also outlined. This paper provides a resource for studies of insomnia.

12 Overview of animal behavioral tests of depression

JIANG Ning , ZHANG Yiwen , YAO Caihong , HUANG Hong , LIU Xinmin

2021, 29(6):830-838. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2021. 06. 016

[Abstract](2342) [HTML](0) [PDF 884.74 K](6566)

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Depression is a common mental disease with a high prevalence, disability rate and recurrence rate. The pathobiology of depression is multifactorial and not yet completely understood. Animal models and behavioral tests of depression have become essential for developing antidepressant drugs. The core symptoms of depression in depressive rodent models, including anhedonia and despair behaviors, are evaluated by different types of behavioral tests, such as the sucrose preference test, novelty-suppressed feeding test, tail suspension test, forced swim test and others. In this review, the principles and method of behavioral tests for depression that are currently used for antidepressant discovery are discussed and assessed. Moreover, the commonly used animal models of depression are summarized. This review provides valuable information for selecting the appropriate modeling method and behavioral tests according to the purpose of the study. This review aims to serve as a reference for researchers to select common behavioral tests and animal depression models, which may be of great significance for the in-depth study of depression.

13 Comparison on the preparation of rat models of pneumonia by different infection route

DING Jun-ying , GAO Xiang , HONG Yan-ying , GUI Hong , WEI Zhi-you , LU You-ran , AN Shi-dong , CUI Xu-ran , GUO Yu-hong , LIU Qing-quan

2017, 25(6):600-604. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4847.2017.06.003

[Abstract](4066) [HTML](0) [PDF 4.05 M](6532)

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Objective To explore the preparation of a rat model of pneumonia model induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) using different methods,and to lay the foundation for further studies.Methods 48 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:the control group (A),the intratracheal injection group (B),the trachea cannulation group (C) and the intranasal inoculation group (D).After intervention with different treatment modalities,the body weight,temperature,white blood cell count and lung pathological changes in the rats of all groups were detected at 5,10,15 days.Results 1.The behavior,body weight,temperature,leukocytes and pathological inflammatory changes of the lung in rats of the model groups were significantly different from that of control group.2.Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in rats of all the model groups,but the control group was negative.Conclusions Rat model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected pneumonia can be successfully established by intranasal inoculation.This method can avoid the inflammatory interference from operation,and is simple and suitable for popularization.

14 Research progress of animal models of myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol

LIANG Juan , LIU Yue , YIN Xinhua

2019, 27(1):110-114. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 01. 018

[Abstract](2817) [HTML](0) [PDF 759.78 K](6395)

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of human death worldwide, but its pathogenesis and prevention still need further research. Isoproterenol (ISO) is a β-adrenergic receptor agonist that acts directly or indirectly on the myocardium through inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis, which can cause mild myocardial injury, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, and even heart failure. This review mainly focuses on the research on animal models of myocardial injury caused by ISO and attempts to describe its morphological and functional characteristics, as well as its pathogenesis.

15 Research progress in establishment and application of mouse models of leukemia

MA Chang , GUO Jianmin , XIE Songqiang , YANG Wei

2019, 27(2):266-270. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2019. 02. 022

[Abstract](2901) [HTML](0) [PDF 184.93 K](6282)

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Leukemia is often referred to as a “blood cancer”. The basic characteristic of the disease is thatleukemic cells become malignant and cause unrestricted proliferation in the bone marrow and other hematopoietic tissues.Then, these cells infiltrate all tissues and organs of the body causing various symptoms, and make patients prone to seriousinfections and life-threatening complications such as sepsis, hemorrhage, intestinal failure or hyperuricemia. Therefore,research on the treatment of leukemia using laboratory animal models is of great significance. For the study of leukemia,mice are similar to humans in terms of biology, genetics, and hematopoietic systems, and are, therefore, ideal models forleukemia research. This article reviews the mouse models of leukemia used commonly in studies both in China and abroad in the past 5 years.

16 Research progress and evaluation on animal models of Parkinson’s disease

MENG Jianlin , LIANG Jianfen , ZHANG Xingbo , WEN Mingjun , DENG Xianyong

2021, 29(3):399-404. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2021. 03. 016

[Abstract](1767) [HTML](0) [PDF 848.29 K](6277)

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Parkinson’ s disease ( PD) is a regressive disease of the central nervous system. The movement symptoms of PD mainly includes resting tremor, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Because of the lack of research on the human brain and the absence of equivalent spontaneous diseases in animals, the development of rational scientific animal models will provide essential research tools in basic and clinical research into PD. Such models may help us to reveal the pathogenesis of PD, and to develop new treatment strategies and drugs.

17 Comparative study of intestinal flora in common mice and rats

HUANG Shuwu , MIN Fangui , WANG Jing , LUO Yinzhu , HE Lifang , CHEN Meiling , PAN Jinchun

2021, 29(6):777-784. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2021. 06. 009

[Abstract](2851) [HTML](0) [PDF 6.49 M](6190)

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Objective To conduct a comparative study of the intestinal flora in six common strains of mice and rats. Methods In this study, 210 feces or intestinal content samples were collected from 150 SPF mice and rats from three experimental animal production units. PCR amplification of the samples was carried out based on common primers of the bacterial 16S rDNA V3-V4 region, and then the Illumina HiSeq 2500 high-throughput system was used for sequencing. Based on the animal source, breed, gender, age and intestinal segmentation ( duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum) factors, bioinformatics method and cluster analysis of differences were applied to analyze the diversity in the structure of the intestinal flora in rats and mice. Results The intestinal flora of experimental mice or rats with the same source had the highest similarity, whereas the intestinal flora of experimental mice and rats showed certain differences due to the type of species. The intestinal flora from different intestinal segments of experimental mice exhibited certain differences, and stool samples were more similar to the colonic intestinal flora. Under the same breeding and living environment conditions, the species, age and intestinal segment of experimental mice and rats are the main endogenous factors that determine the structure of the intestinal flora, and the effect of strain and gender on their intestinal flora is minimal. Conclusions This study revealed the diversity and differences in the intestinal flora of common mice, explored the influencing factors of the host intestinal flora, and provided more basic data for the relationship between intestinal flora and diseases.

18 Measurement of Alu gene expression by RT-PCR in the evaluation of models of gastric cancer metastasis

WU Pengpeng , LIU Sensen , ZHANG Caiqin , ZHAO Yong , BAI Bing , WANG Jie , SHI Changhong

2021, 29(4):440-447. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2021. 04. 003

[Abstract](1980) [HTML](0) [PDF 6.63 M](6044)

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Objective We aimed to characterize the relationship between the expression of the Alu gene in a model of human gastric cancer metastasis and the degree of gastric cancer metastasis in tissues and organs and establish a molecular biological method for the early evaluation of gastric cancer metastasis. Methods Alu gene expression plasmids were constructed from the genomic DNA of human gastric cancer cell lines SGC- 7901, MKN45 and the normal gastric mucosal cell line GES1. Alu gene expression in various concentration of gastric cancer cells SGC-7901, which was widely mentioned as human gastric metastasis cell line, was measured by real-time PCR. The relationship between different Alu expression of various concentration was measured by cycle threshold (Ct) value to modelling the standard curve. A human gastric cancer cell xenograft metastasis model was established by the subcutaneous inoculation of SGC-7901 and MKN45 cells into nude mice. The expression of Alu in the resulting tumors in the mice (in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and subcutaneous tissues) was then measured by real-time PCR, and a curve for the relationship between the expression of Alu and the degree of tumor metastasis in each tissue was constructed. Subsequently, fresh tumor samples from patients with gastric cancer were subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice to construct a xenograft model, and the relationships between Alu expression in the tissues of the mice and the degree of tumor metastasis in the organs of nude mice was similarly evaluated. Results The number of SGC-7901 cells negatively correlated with the cycle threshold (Ct) value for the Alu gene (R² = 0. 9239). In the xenograft metastasis model, the expression of the Alu gene was higher in subcutaneous tumors than that in lung and liver metastases, and the expression of the Alu gene in lung and liver metastases was higer than normal nude mice. This was consistent with the result of histopathological examination. In the gastric cancer patient xenograft model, if there was no visible metastasis in the organs of nude mice, the expression of Alu gene (Ct 17. 86) was significantly higher(P< 0. 05)than that of normal nude mice (Ct 22. 18), and if there were metastatic lesions that were visible through the naked eye, the expression of Alu (Ct 14. 29) was very significantly higher than that of normal nude mice (P< 0. 01). Conclusions In a model of human gastric cancer metastasis, the expression of the Alu gene positively correlates with the degree of metastasis, namely the higher expression of Alu, the more metastatic tumor cells were present and the more obvious the metastatic foci were in each tissue.

19 Research progress on animal models of Alzheimer’s disease

JIA Yaquan , SONG Junying , ZENG Huahui , XIE Zhishen , ZHAGN Zijuan , WANG Ru , YUAN Ye , ZHANG Zhenqiang

2021, 29(3):381-386. DOI: 10. 3969 / j.issn.1005-4847. 2021. 03. 013

[Abstract](2050) [HTML](0) [PDF 854.36 K](6024)

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Alzheimer’ s disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disease of the brain. The main clinical feature is cognitive dysfunction. As the global population ages, AD has become a major focus of domestic and international research. Appropriate animal models are of great significance for experimental research on disease mechanisms and drug screening for AD. The AD animal models include natural aging and transgenic models, as well as physically and chemically induced AD models. In this article, we compare and summarize the commonly used animal models in AD research and provide a reference for the selection of appropriate animal models in future studies of AD.

20 Research progress of animal models of renal fibrosis and their characteristics

MA Yuanyuan , LIU Chenghai , TAO Yanyan

2018, 26(3):398-403. DOI: 10.3969/j. issn. 1005 -4847. 2018. 03. 020

[Abstract](2671) [HTML](0) [PDF 813.95 K](5949)

Abstract:
Renal fibrosis is a common pathological pathway of chronic kidney diseases that leads to end?stage renal failure. The pathological changes include glomerulosclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis. Ideal animal models for the study of pathologic mechanisms and drug development of chronic kidney disease are of great significance. At present, the method of establishment of animal models include drug or toxin induction, surgical models and gene knockout, etc. Different animal models have various characteristics of renal function and pathology, but can not completely simulate human chronic kidney disease, suggesting the complexity of chronic kidney diseases. So the preparation and research of the animal models is important for understanding the pathological mechanisms, prevention and treatment of renal fibrosis.

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