Objective To evaluate the feasibility of establishing patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models of female reproductive system malignancies in mice and to explore influencing factors. Methods Tumor tissues from 78 patients with gynecologic malignancies treated at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, between March 2023 and October 2023 were collected and implanted into nude or immunodeficient mice for PDX model establishment and passaging. Follow-up was conducted until June 2024. Results Among 37 models with definite outcomes, tumor tissues from 22 cases (59. 46%) were successfully implanted in mice, of which 7 cases (18. 92%) were successfully passaged to establish stable PDX models, while 15 cases (40. 54%) failed. No significant differences were observed between successful and failed implantation groups in tumor stage, type, or differentiation P> 0. 05). For cervical cancer tissues (n= 19), the implantation and modeling success rates were 63. 2% (12/19) and 15. 8% (3/19), respectively. For endometrial cancer tissues (n= 10), the implantation and modeling success rates were 60. 0% (6/10) and 10. 0% (1/10), respectively. For ovarian cancer tissues (n=5), the rates were 80. 0% (4/5) and 60. 0% (3/5), respectively. Tumor tissues obtained after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and from metastatic sites were also successfully used for PDX model establishment. Conclusions Establishment of PDX models using gynecologic malignancies is feasible, including tumors after chemotherapy or from metastatic lesions.