Chronic glomerulonephritis ( CGN) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder primarily affecting the glomeruli, arising from diverse etiologies. The disease follows a progressive course, with relentless deterioration of renal function ultimately culminating in uremia. Western medical management focuses primarily on symptomatic control, including blood pressure regulation, proteinuria reduction, and improvement of renal microcirculation. While these interventions can alleviate symptoms, they are often associated with considerable adverse effects and limited efficacy, failing to fully address clinical requirements. In contrast, integrative treatment combining traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with Western medicine not only effectively mitigates adverse effects but also enhances therapeutic outcomes. Studies have demonstrated that multiple critical signaling pathways play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of CGN, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), transforming growth factor-β1 / Smad (TGF-β1 / Smad), Toll-like receptor 4 / myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 / nuclear factor-κB ( TLR4 / MyD88 / NF-κB ), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein / cluster of differentiation 14 / FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog ( LBP / CD14 / FOS ), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/ CC chemokine receptor 2 ( MCP-1/ CCR2). TCM exerts its therapeutic effects through multi-target, multi-pathway integrative modulation, intervening in the aberrant activation of these key signaling pathways to produce significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fibrotic, and local microcirculatory improvement effects. Given the extensive pharmacological actions of TCM, integrative Chinese and Western medicine therapy has demonstrated favorable safety profiles and excellent tolerability in clinical practice, gradually emerging as an essential component of modern therapeutic systems.