Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury refers to the phenomenon in which the restoration of blood supply (reperfusion) after an interruption of blood flow (ischemia) in brain tissue leads to more severe tissue damage. The Nrf2-related signaling pathway plays a critical role in suppressing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. MicroRNAs can regulate the activity of the Nrf2-related signaling pathway by directly binding to Nrf2 or indirectly mediating the expression of upstream regulatory factors. Increasing the expression (activity) of Nrf2 or modulating the levels of related miRNAs exerts protective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. This review summarizes the regulatory role of miRNAs in the Nrf2 signaling pathway and their impact on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.