Methamphetamine, a member of the amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants, is a new type of synthetic drug characterized primarily by psychological dependence. Long-term abuse of methamphetamine causes severe neurotoxicity and dependence in the human body. Currently, the abuse of methamphetamine remains a serious problem and has become a major global public health concern. Inflammation refers to a basic pathological process dominated by defensive responses that occurs when biological tissues are stimulated by certain damaging factors such as trauma and infection. Studies have shown that methamphetamine can activate microglia and induce inflammatory responses, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This paper reviews the research progress on the mechanisms, signal transduction pathways and intervention therapies of methamphetamine-induced microglial inflammation, aiming to provide a reference for further research on methamphetamine-induced neuroinflammation and its intervention strategies.