Although doxorubicin (DOX) exhibits well-established antitumor efficacy, DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) remains a major adverse effect that significantly limits its clinical application, and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Recent studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, is closely associated with disorders of iron metabolism, impairment of the antioxidant defense system, and lipid peroxide accumulation, and plays a pivotal role in the pathological progression of DIC. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) possesses unique advantages characterized by multi-component, multi-target, and holistic regulation and may inhibit ferroptosis by maintaining iron homeostasis, activating antioxidant-related signaling pathways, and promoting glutathione (GSH) synthesis, thereby alleviating structural and functional myocardial damage and exerting cardioprotective effects. Based on these findings, this review systematically summarizes recent advances in the mechanisms of ferroptosis in DIC and the therapeutic interventions of TCM, aiming to provide a novel theoretical basis and new research insights for the prevention and treatment of DIC.