Objective To establish a rat model of external jugular vein catheter-related thrombosis ( CRT), observe the formation of CRT in rats, detect the levels of tissue factor (TF), thrombomodulin (TM), and von Willebrand factor ( vWF) in the serum of rats, and study their relationship with CRT formation. Methods A total of 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control ( n= 40), sham operation ( n= 40), and model ( n= 40) groups. Eight rats were randomly selected at 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14 days and pathological sections were used to observe the thrombosis in the rats and serum TF, TM, and vWF levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results There was no thrombosis in blank control or sham operation groups. There were 34 CRTs in the model group, and the CRT incidence rate was 85%. The TM level in the model group with CRT rats was significantly higher than that without CRT rats (P<0. 01). The TM level in the model group without CRT rats was significantly higher than that in the sham operation group (P<0. 01). TM and vWF levels in rats without CRT were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (P<0. 01). At each time point after surgery, TF and TM levels of the model group were significantly higher than those of blank control and sham operation groups (P<0. 01). At 4, 7, 10, and 14 days after the operation, the vWF level of the model group was significantly higher than that in blank control and sham operation groups (P<0. 01). Over a prolonged observation time in the model group, TF, TM, and vWF levels increased gradually, and the levels of TF and vWF increased sharply from 1 to 4 days after operation, which peaked at 10 days after the operation and then decreased rapidly. TM levels increased the most at 4-7 days after the operation, which peaked at 7 days after the operation and then began to decrease. Conclusions The formation of rat CRT is closely related to abnormal levels of TF, TM, and vWF in serum.