Objective To analyze the genetic polymorphism of 14 inbred mice in 24 microsatellite loci and to establish a method for detecting the genetic quality of inbred mice by using PCR technique.Methods We selected suitable microsatellite loci and primers according to the database of Mouse Genome Informatics to amplify DNA in 14 inbred strains of mice,and analyzed the polymorphism of 14 strains of mice in these 24 microsatellite loci.Result There were remarkable polymorphism in 24 microsatellite loci among 14 inbred strains or sub-strains.The genetic distance between strains was from 0.045 to 1.526.Conclusion The microsatellite markers can be used for distinguishing different mice strains and sub-strains.So we should use microsatellite markers to monitor the genetic quality of the inbred mice.