Objective To investigate the feasibility of using polypyrrole/ poly(lactic acid) (PPy/ PLA) combined with bone marrow stromal cells to treat spinal cord injury. Methods The PPy/ PLA scaffold material was prepared. BMSCs were extracted from rat bone marrow and cultured and expanded in vitro. Rat spinal cord was completely transected, after which PPy/ PLA or PPy/ PLA/ BMSCs were transplanted. Six weeks later, rats were sacrificed, the growth of axons and blood vessels of the different groups was analyzed, and the therapeutic effects of cells, materials, and the combined transplantation were assayed. Results Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy showed that the combination of PPy/PLA/ BMSCs not only promoted axonal and vascular growth, but also provided neuroprotective effects. Conclusions PPy/PLA/ BMSC combined therapy can repair injured nerves after spinal cord injury. Based on these result , we conclude that PPy/ PLA and BMSCs can provide axonal regeneration and neuroprotection by promoting vascular formation.