FK506 binding protein 1B (FKBP1B), a member of the FKBP family, is mainly expressed in myocardium, brain tissue, and smooth muscle. Its roles in the heart and nervous system have received increasing attention in recent years, and a number of experiments have confirmed FKBP1B’s involvement in important physiological activities in heart development, disease, brain aging, and nerve dysfunction. Thus, the regulatory mechanisms and mechanisms of action of FKBP1B in the heart and brain have become matters of increasing importance. Through continuous exploration, FKBP1B has been found to be able to control Ca ^{2 +} release by binding to RyR2 receptors in both myocardium and brain tissue. This article reviews FKBP1B’s functions and regulatory mechanisms in heart and brain tissue in order to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the physiological and pathological mechanisms of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems in the fight against human diseases.