Objective To observe the effect of the folk medicine Wubao capsule on the imbalance of Th1 / Th2, Th17 / Treg, and chemokines (Eotaxin, IL-8, MCP-1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatic mice induced by ovalbumin (OVA). Methods BALB/ c mice were randomly divided into five groups (Control group, Model group, Dexamethasone group, Wubao capsule low-dose group, Wubao capsule high-dose group). The asthma model was replicated by OVA sensitization and challenge. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by HE and PAS staining. The number of inflammatory cells in BALF was observed by rapid Wright-Giemsa staining. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17A, IL-10, Eotaxin, IL-8, and MCP-1 in BALF were determined by ELISA. Results Wubao capsule can significantly alleviate inflammatory infiltration and mucus secretion in lung tissue of asthmatic mice, reduce the number of various inflammatory cells and the production of IL-4, IL-17A, Eotaxin, IL-8, and MCP-1 in BALF (P<0. 01, P<0. 05), and significantly increase the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 (P<0. 01, P<0. 05). Conclusions Wubao capsule may play a role in preventing and treating asthma by regulating the balance of Th1 / Th2 and Th17 / Treg-related cytokines and inhibiting the production of the chemokines Eotaxin, IL-8, and MCP-1 in BALF.