Objective To explore the establishment and postoperative mangement of 2K2C(two kidneys two clips) renovascular hypertensive model of rats.Methods 150 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 80 to 120 g were selected to make the 2K2C renovascular hypertensive model.Within 10 weeks after the operation of renal arterial constriction,the postoperative complication,the mortality,the blood pressure were recorded and the spontaneous strokes were confirmed by brain slides examination. Results After the renal arterial constriction,all rats developed hypertension one month later and celiac hemorrhage and infection were the most common complications of the operation. The causes of deaths included postoperative celiac hemorrhage(two cases),hyperanaesthesia(3 cases),incurable severe infection(3 cases),renal failure(5 cases), severe malnutrition unknown causes(2 causes). Brain slides examination was made in two spontaneous hypertensive rats, with basal ganglia hemorrhages confirmed. Conclusion Proficient surgical technique is the key factor in making the 2K2C renovascular hypertensive model of rats and the intensive postoperative manegement can decrease the mortality.