Objective To establish a hyperuricemic renal impairment model in rats. Methods High, moderate and low dose of adenine and ethambutol were used to Wistar rats. Concentration of serum uric acid and urine nitrogen and creatinine was measured before and after treatment. The histopathological and uhrastructural changes were examined by light and electron microscopy. Results Serum uric acid was increased in the high and moderate dose groups, and the high dose group showed the most severe lesions. Conclusion The moderate dose treatment is suitable for preparation of hyperuricemic renal impairment model in rats.