Objective To establish an animal model with a close similarity of the clinical pelvic inflammation.Mathods Healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were used in this experiment.Escherichia coli was inoculated on the surface of the mesosalpinx and injected into fallopian tubes.7 days later,the degree of pelvic inflammation was measured by gross observation,light microscopy,and electron microscopy.Results Pelvic marked hyperaemia,oedema,purulent discharge and adhesion were observed in peritoneum and pelvic organs.Histologic evaluation revealed significant peritoneal inflammation.Conclusion A reproducible animal model of pelvic inflammation could be established and used in experiment reseach.