Objective To perform Caesarean Section to save the dystocia monkeys. Method The monkeys were anaesthetized by ketamine hydrochloride intramuscularly before surgery. Vitamin C was supplied and disinfected treatment was afforded in post-surgical care. Infant monkeys were fostered by artificial care. Results Total fifteen cases were performed and the successful rate was 100%. All mother-monkeys survived well and 70% infants could survive and grow up healthy. Conclusion Using ketamine hydrochloride to anaesthetize could fit for the time and stability demand of caesarean section in Rhesus monkey, no complications and accident happened in 15 operated-monkeys. The caesarean section method not only would be propitious to the protection the Rhesus monkey, but also would reduce the death of monkeys caused by the dystocia.