The ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is called I/R, is an important problem in the surgical practices. It plays an important role in the developing of pathology, such as the small intestine transplantation, the serious infection, the wound, the shock, the cardiorespiratory functional defeat. The consequence of intestinal I/R, not only causes partial histologic lesion of intestinal mucosa, more over may cause intestinal bacteria colony shifting, changes the intestines absorption function, as well as damages to the distance organ, even leads to the multi-systems organ function defect syndrome. This article explained its mechanism and prevention measure for the past few years and hoped to provide the basis for the future clinical work.