Objective To establish a hyperlipemia animal model in the rabbit fed an atherogenic diet，and to observe blood-fat changes in blood vessels. Methods Ten rabbits were selected from 80 New Zealand white male rabbits and fed a normal diet，the rest rabbits were fed an atherogenic diet. At the end of the 4th week，22 rabbits fed an atherogenic diet were dead. Eight rabbits in which the serum cholesterol level was less than 10 mmol /L were divided as diet-insensitive group，and the serum cholesterol level exceeded 10 mmol /L were selected as diet-sensitive group. The changes of TC、TG、HDL-C and LDL-C were observed after 9 weeks. Results After giving an atherogenic diet，the levels of serum TC，TG，HDL-C and LDL-C in the diet-sensitive group were significantly increased in comparison with the beginning of the experiments (P < 0. 01) . From the 7th week to the 13th week，the levels of serum TC，TG，HDL-C and LDL-C in the diet-insensitive group were increased significantly ( P < 0. 01) . The levels of serum TC，TG，HDL-C and LDL-C in the diet-insensitive group were differently in the diet-insensitive group ( P < 0. 01 ) . Conclusions The rabbits have an obviously different sensitivity of the serum lipid metabolism to atherogenic-load diet. The disease resistance and the adaptability of the environment in the diet-insensitive group were stronger than that of the diet-sensitive group. Compared with the diet-insensitive group，the survivability of the diet-sensitive group is stronger.