Ebola virus，which was first identified in 1976 during outbreaks in Ebola River vally，is an zoonotic pathogen that causes highly lethal hemorrhagic fever syndrome in human and nonhuman primates. Since the high mortality rates of Ebola viruses，up to 88% in humans，Ebola viruses are listed in the most dangerous viruses to humans by World Health Organization. Comprehending the characterization and pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever and Ebola viruses，is very important for the prevention and control of this disease.