Objective To explore the influence of carotid artery balloon injury on the formation of atherosclerotic lesions induced by hyperhomocysteinemia in rabbits. Methods Twenty New Zealand rabbits were divided into control group and model group (n=10) randomly. The left carotid arteries were injured by balloon catheterization in all rabbits. After operation, the model group was given methionine 80 mg/kg per day by subcutaneous injection for 24 weeks to induce atherosclerotic lesions, and the control group was given the same amount of normal saline. All rabbits were killed at the 24th week. ELISA was used to detect the content of homocysteine and HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the arterial wall. The arterial wall thickness was measured using an image analysis software. Results After 24 weeks, the level of serum homocysteine of the model group was significantly increased and pathological changes of aortic wall were observed in different degrees compared with that of the control group (P<0.05). But the carotid artery wall thickness of model group after balloon injury had no visible changes compared with that of the control group. Conclusion Balloon injury of carotid artery has no significant effect on the formation of atherosclerotic lesions induced by hyperhomocysteinemia.