Objective To explore the role of HIF-1 and its downstream SDF-1α/CXCR4 and VEGF/VEGFR pathway in mediating MSC mobilization with DMOG. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: Normal saline control group, DMOG group, YC-1 group, AMD3100 group, SU5416 group. We used CFU-F assay and flow cytometry to determine the number of MSCs in rat bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) in each group, respectively. The concentrations of SDF-1α and VEGF both in BM and PB serum in each group were detected by ELISA. Western blotting was used to test protein levels of HIF-1α, SDF-1α and VEGF in BM. Results Compared with NS group, the number of CFU-Fs as well as the percentage of CD45^-CD90⁺cells increased in DMOG group (P< 0.05); Compared with DMOG group, the number of CFU-Fs as well as the percentage of CD45^-CD90⁺cells decreased in YC-1 group, AMD3100 group and SU5416 group (P< 0.05). Compared with DMOG group, the concentration and protein expression of HIF-1α decreased significantly in YC-1 group (P< 0.05), the concentration and protein expression of SDF-1α decreased significantly in AMD3100 group (P< 0.05), the concentration and protein expression of VEGF decreased significantly in SU5416 group (P< 0.05). Conclusion DMOG can induce MSCs mobilization possibly via up-regulating the expression of HIF-1α and activating its downstream SDF-1α/CXCR4 and VEGF/VEGFR pathway.