Objectives To explore the relativity between Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like lesions and metabolic syndrome models induced by high-sugar high-fat diet in rats. Methods Forty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups.The control group (fed with normal diet, 12 rats) and high sugar and high fat group (fed with high-sucrose and high-fat diet, 12 rats) continuously for 12 months. At the end of 6, 9 and 12 months of the experiment, we observed the animal body weight and visceral fat weight. The blood lipid levels, blood glucose and MS-related biochemical parameters were determined. The brain tissues were examined by histopathology. The characteristic AD molecules hippocampus Aβ and Tau were detected using ELISA and Western blotting to confirm the presence of AD lesions in the brain. Results Compared with the normal control group, the body weight and visceral fat weight of the rats in the high-sugar high-fat groups were significantly increased; the levels of TG, FPG, LDL, HOMA-IR and hippocampus Aβ, phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) were higher, but the level of HDL was decreased (P<0.05 for all).The histopathological examination revealed inflammatory cell infiltration in the brain tissues. Conclusions Characteristic AD-like lesions may occur and accompany the rat models of metabolic syndrome, induced by high-sugar high-fat diet, and provide a new idea for the construction of Alzheimer's disease animal models.