Objective To explore the feasibility of catheter implantation in a rat model of uterine horn fistula.Methods The catheter was placed into the uterine horns at one side in the rats, then histopathology and pregnancy function were studied.Results The endometrial thickness of the fistula side in the fistula model group (497.68±81.64 μm) was not significantly different compared with the control group (537.90±77.29 μm) and the opposite side (503.56±76.34 μm) (P>0.05). The number of embryo breeding in the fistula model group (9.67±1.95) was significantly decreased compared with the control group (12.15±2.06). The number of embryo breeding of the fistula side (5.83±3.54) was not significantly different compared with the opposite side (6.17±3.67) (P>0.05).Conclusions The effect of catheter on uterine tissue and pregnancy function is minimal, and the model of uterine horn fistula applies to the requirement of long term injection of pathogenic microorganisms or drugs.